lutter
See also: Lutter
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /lutər/, [ˈlud̥ɐ]
Etymology 1
From Middle Low German lūtter (“clean, pure, unmixed”).
Adjective
lutter (neuter lutter, plural and definite singular attributive lutter)
Etymology 2
See lut (“lute”).
French
Etymology
From Old French luitier, loitier, luiter, from Vulgar Latin luctāre, from Latin luctārī, present active infinitive of luctor (“struggle”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewg- (“bend, twist”). Compare Portuguese lutar, Spanish luchar, Catalan lluitar, Italian lottare, Romanian lupta.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ly.te/
audio (file)
Verb
lutter
Conjugation
Conjugation of lutter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | lutter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | luttant /ly.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | lutté /ly.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lutte /lyt/ |
luttes /lyt/ |
lutte /lyt/ |
luttons /ly.tɔ̃/ |
luttez /ly.te/ |
luttent /lyt/ |
| imperfect | luttais /ly.tɛ/ |
luttais /ly.tɛ/ |
luttait /ly.tɛ/ |
luttions /ly.tjɔ̃/ |
luttiez /ly.tje/ |
luttaient /ly.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | luttai /ly.te/ |
luttas /ly.ta/ |
lutta /ly.ta/ |
luttâmes /ly.tam/ |
luttâtes /ly.tat/ |
luttèrent /ly.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | lutterai /ly.tʁe/ |
lutteras /ly.tʁa/ |
luttera /ly.tʁa/ |
lutterons /ly.tʁɔ̃/ |
lutterez /ly.tʁe/ |
lutteront /ly.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | lutterais /ly.tʁɛ/ |
lutterais /ly.tʁɛ/ |
lutterait /ly.tʁɛ/ |
lutterions /ly.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
lutteriez /ly.tə.ʁje/ |
lutteraient /ly.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | lutte /lyt/ |
luttes /lyt/ |
lutte /lyt/ |
luttions /ly.tjɔ̃/ |
luttiez /ly.tje/ |
luttent /lyt/ |
| imperfect2 | luttasse /ly.tas/ |
luttasses /ly.tas/ |
luttât /ly.ta/ |
luttassions /ly.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
luttassiez /ly.ta.sje/ |
luttassent /ly.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | lutte /lyt/ |
— | luttons /ly.tɔ̃/ |
luttez /ly.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
See also
Further reading
- “lutter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “lūctāri”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 5: J L, pages 438–440
Mòcheno
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “*hlūtraz?”)
References
- “lutter” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Norwegian Bokmål
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