lingid
Old Irish
Etymology
Said by Matasović to come from Proto-Celtic *lengeti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lengʷʰ- (“light; move lightly”).[1] However, the reduplicated preterite leblaing appears to come from a Proto-Celtic *ɸle-ɸlang-, suggesting a different PIE root beginning with p. Thurneysen suggests a connection with either Ancient Greek πλίσσομαι (plíssomai, “to stride out”) (from *pleygʰ-/pleyǵʰ-) or Old Church Slavonic плѧсати (plęsati, “to dance”) (from *plenḱ-); in either case lingid would have to have been influenced in form by cingid (“to step”).[2]
A more modern theory suggests that a cognate of Proto-Germanic *springaną that was conflated with *lengeti may be the source of the *ɸ that surfaces in the reduplicated forms.[3]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈl͈ʲiŋʲɡʲiðʲ]
Inflection
Simple, class B I present, reduplicated preterite, a future, s subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Abs. | lingid | lengait | leangair | |||||
| Conj. | ·rolngaim (ro-form?) | ·ling | |||||||
| Rel. | lingis | lengtae | |||||||
| Imperfect indicative | ·linged | ||||||||
| Preterite | Abs. | leblaing | |||||||
| Conj. | ·leblaing | ||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ro·leblaing | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Abs. | liblait | |||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | |||||||||
| Conditional | lilesthae | ||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Abs. | lis | |||||||
| Conj. | |||||||||
| Rel. | lias | ||||||||
| Past subjunctive | co·ribuilsed | ·lestais | |||||||
| Imperative | ling | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | léim; linged | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | lingthe | ||||||||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| lingid also llingid after a proclitic |
lingid pronounced with /l(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*leng-o-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 237
- Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2003), D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 689b, pages 426–27
- Gordon, Randall Clark (2012) Derivational Morphology of the Early Irish Verbal Noun, Los Angeles: University of California, §3.1.74, page 247
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “lingid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Tagalog
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: li‧ngid
- IPA(key): /liˈŋid/, [lɪˈŋid]
Derived terms
- ilingid
- malingid
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