guna
English
Noun
guna (plural gunas)
- (Sanskrit linguistics) A lengthening of the simple vowels a, i, e, by prefixing an a element.
- In Hindu philosophy, any of the three fundamental operating principles or tendencies of prakṛti (universal nature): sattva, rajas, and tamas.
Bikol Central

Sarong gunâ asin an saiyang mga siyo (A mother hen with chicks).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: gu‧na
- IPA(key): /ɡuˈnaʔ/
Chinese
Etymology
From pinyin transcription of the phrase 滾啊 (gǔn a, “go away, go to hell”).
Gamilaraay
Etymology
From Proto-Central New South Wales *gunang, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *kuna.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡuna/
References
- Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
- Peter Austin, A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (1993)
Hausa
Noun
gunā̀ f (plural gunōnī, possessed form gunàr̃)
- tsamma (a bitter melon, Citrullus lanatus)
- An epithet for someone who is not as strong as expected.
- (colloquial) A girl who is physically mature with developed breasts.
Indonesian
Alternative forms
- goena (pre-1947)
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɡuna/
- Rhymes: -na, -a
- Hyphenation: gu‧na
Noun
guna (first-person possessive gunaku, second-person possessive gunamu, third-person possessive gunanya)
Derived terms
- berguna
- berkegunaan
- kegunaan
- ketergunaan
- mempergunakan
- menggunakan
- pengguna
- penggunaan
- seguna
- tergunakan
Further reading
- “guna” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Malay
Pronunciation
- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /ɡunə/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /ɡuna/
- Rhymes: -unə, -nə, -ə
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- kegunaan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- pengguna [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- berguna [stative / habitual] (beR-)
- menggunai [agent focus + causative (locative) benefactive] (meN- + -i)
- menggunakan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- gunaan [timespan / emotion] (-an)
Descendants
- Indonesian: guna
Further reading
- “guna” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɡũ.nɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈɡu.na/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈɡu.nɐ/
- Hyphenation: gu‧na
Noun
guna m or f by sense (plural gunas)
- (Portugal, Porto, colloquial) a street thug, sometimes associated with the practice of robberies committed as a gang action
References
- “guna” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “guna” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
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