gemma

Learned borrowing from Latin gemma (“bud on a plant”). Doublet of gem and Gemma.

gemma (plural gemmae)

1. (biology) An asexual reproductive structure, as found in animals such as hydra (genus Hydra) and plants such as liverworts (division Marchantiophyta), consisting of a cluster of cells from which new individuals can develop; a bud.

   Synonym: (archaic) gemmule

   • 1969, Rudolf Mathias Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America East of the Hundredth Meridian, Volume 1, Columbia University Press, page 527,

     I know of no other genera with such intramarginal formation of true gemmae.

   • 1990, Anthony John Edwin Smith, The Liverworts of Britain and Ireland, page 2,

     Gemmae are frequently longer than wide or of irregular shape.

     According to Degenkolbe, gemmae-bearing leaves are always different in form from normal leaves.

   • 2005, R. N. Chopra, Biology of Bryophytes, page 32,

     In Marchantia polymorpha, high temperature promotes germination of gemmae (Dacknowski, 1907), and heat absorbed by the gemmae accelerates their germination (Fitting, 1942).

• gemmal
• gemmoid

• Megam

From Latin gemma.

gemma f (plural gemmes)

1. gem, jewel

• “gemma” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

gemma (plural gemmas)

1. gem

• IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒɛm.ma/
• Rhymes: -ɛmma
• Hyphenation: gèm‧ma

From Latin gemma.

gemma f (plural gemme)

1. (botany) bud
2. gem, jewel
3. (figurative) gem (precious or highly valued thing or person)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

gemma

1. inflection of gemmare:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

• gemma in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

• gamme

Unknown. Possibilities include:

• Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zębnǫti and Lithuanian žémbėti, both meaning “to germinate, sprout”, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ǵemb- or *ǵeb- (“to bud, sprout”), though such a root would be irregular for PIE;[1][2]
• From Proto-Indo-European *ǵembʰ- (“nail, tooth”), despite the semantic gap;
• From Proto-Italic *gen- (“to produce”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵenh₁-; compare gignō and genus;
• A non-Indo-European substrate source. The unusual form of the word, the lack of clear cognates and the semantic category of the word make this hypothesis likely.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡem.ma/, [ˈɡɛmːä]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʒem.ma/, [ˈd͡ʒɛmːä]

gemma f (genitive gemmae); first declension

1. A bud or eye of a plant.
2. A gem, gemstone, jewel, precious stone.
3. A thing made of precious stones.

First-declension noun.

• gemmārius
• gemmātus
• gemmeus
• gemmifer
• gemmō
• gemmula

• Asturian: xema, ema
• Catalan: gemma
• English: gem
• French: gemme
• Galician: xema
• Italian: gemma
• Portuguese: gema
• Romanian: gemă
• Russian: гемма (gemma)
• Spanish: yema, gema
  • → Asturian: yema
  • → Cebuano: yema
• → Proto-West Germanic: *gimmu (see there for further descendants)

• “gemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gemma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gemma in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• gemma in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • the trees are budding: gemmae proveniunt
    
• “gemma”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “gemma”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin