espinar

Spanish

Etymology

espina +‎ -ar

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /espiˈnaɾ/ [es.piˈnaɾ]
Rhymes: -aɾ
Syllabification: es‧pi‧nar

Noun

espinar m (plural espinares)

hawthorn wood
place covered with thorny bushes
Synonym: espinal

Verb

espinar (first-person singular present espino, first-person singular preterite espiné, past participle espinado)

to sting, to pierce
Synonyms: pinchar, punzar
to cover with thorns or thorny branches
to offend someone with words

Conjugation

Conjugation of espinar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			espinar
gerund			espinando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		espinado		espinada
		plural		espinados		espinadas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	espino	espinas^{^tú} espinás^{^vos}	espina	espinamos	espináis	espinan
	imperfect	espinaba	espinabas	espinaba	espinábamos	espinabais	espinaban
	preterite	espiné	espinaste	espinó	espinamos	espinasteis	espinaron
	future	espinaré	espinarás	espinará	espinaremos	espinaréis	espinarán
	conditional	espinaría	espinarías	espinaría	espinaríamos	espinaríais	espinarían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	espine	espines^{^tú} espinés^{^vos²}	espine	espinemos	espinéis	espinen
	imperfect (ra)	espinara	espinaras	espinara	espináramos	espinarais	espinaran
	imperfect (se)	espinase	espinases	espinase	espinásemos	espinaseis	espinasen
	future¹	espinare	espinares	espinare	espináremos	espinareis	espinaren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		espina^{^tú} espiná^{^vos}	espine	espinemos	espinad	espinen
	negative		no espines	no espine	no espinemos	no espinéis	no espinen

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Further reading

“espinar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014

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