carecer

Portuguese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *carēscere, from Latin careō (“to lack”).[1]

Pronunciation
 
  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ka.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ka.ɾeˈse(h)]
    • (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ka.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/
    • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ka.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ka.ɾeˈse(χ)]
    • (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ka.ɾeˈse(ɻ)/

Verb

carecer (first-person singular present careço, first-person singular preterite careci, past participle carecido)

  1. (transitive with de) to lack, to be lacking (in)
    Synonyms: necessitar, requerer
    Ele carece de prática.
    He lacks of practice

Conjugation
    Conjugation of carecer (c-ç alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu)		 Second-person
(tu)		 Third-person
(ele / ela / você)		 First-person
(nós)		 Second-person
(vós)		 Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal carecer
Personal carecer careceres carecer carecermos carecerdes carecerem
Gerund
carecendo
Past participle
Masculine carecido carecidos
Feminine carecida carecidas
Indicative
Present careço careces carece carecemos careceis carecem
Imperfect carecia carecias carecia carecíamos carecíeis careciam
Preterite careci careceste careceu carecemos carecestes careceram
Pluperfect carecera careceras carecera carecêramos carecêreis careceram
Future carecerei carecerás carecerá careceremos carecereis carecerão
Conditional
careceria carecerias careceria careceríamos careceríeis careceriam
Subjunctive
Present careça careças careça careçamos careçais careçam
Imperfect carecesse carecesses carecesse carecêssemos carecêsseis carecessem
Future carecer careceres carecer carecermos carecerdes carecerem
Imperative
Affirmative carece careça careçamos carecei careçam
Negative (não) não careças não careça não careçamos não careçais não careçam

References
  1. “carecer” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.

Spanish

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *carescō, from Latin careō (“to lack”), whence English caret.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): (Spain) /kaɾeˈθeɾ/ [ka.ɾeˈθeɾ]
  • IPA(key): (Latin America) /kaɾeˈseɾ/ [ka.ɾeˈseɾ]
  • Rhymes: -eɾ
  • Syllabification: ca‧re‧cer

Verb

carecer (first-person singular present carezco, first-person singular preterite carecí, past participle carecido)

  1. to lack, to be lacking (in)
    Synonym: faltar

Usage notes
  • Carecer is normally followed by de.

Conjugation
    Conjugation of carecer (c-zc alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive carecer
gerund careciendo
past participle masculine feminine
singular carecido carecida
plural carecidos carecidas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present carezco carecestú
carecésvos		 carece carecemos carecéis carecen
imperfect carecía carecías carecía carecíamos carecíais carecían
preterite carecí careciste careció carecimos carecisteis carecieron
future careceré carecerás carecerá careceremos careceréis carecerán
conditional carecería carecerías carecería careceríamos careceríais carecerían
subjunctive yo tú
vos		 él/ella/ello
usted		 nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ellos/ellas
ustedes
present carezca carezcastú
carezcásvos2		 carezca carezcamos carezcáis carezcan
imperfect
(ra)		 careciera carecieras careciera careciéramos carecierais carecieran
imperfect
(se)		 careciese carecieses careciese careciésemos carecieseis careciesen
future1 careciere carecieres careciere careciéremos careciereis carecieren
imperative — tú
vos		 usted nosotros
nosotras		 vosotros
vosotras		 ustedes
affirmative carecetú
carecévos		 carezca carezcamos careced carezcan
negative no carezcas no carezca no carezcamos no carezcáis no carezcan

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of carecer (c-zc alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive carecer
dative carecerme carecerte carecerle, carecerse carecernos careceros carecerles, carecerse
accusative carecerme carecerte carecerlo, carecerla, carecerse carecernos careceros carecerlos, carecerlas, carecerse
with gerund careciendo
dative careciéndome careciéndote careciéndole, careciéndose careciéndonos careciéndoos careciéndoles, careciéndose
accusative careciéndome careciéndote careciéndolo, careciéndola, careciéndose careciéndonos careciéndoos careciéndolos, careciéndolas, careciéndose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative carece
dative caréceme carécete carécele carécenos not used caréceles
accusative caréceme carécete carécelo, carécela carécenos not used carécelos, carécelas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative carecé
dative careceme carecete carecele carecenos not used careceles
accusative careceme carecete carecelo, carecela carecenos not used carecelos, carecelas
with formal second-person singular imperative carezca
dative carézcame not used carézcale, carézcase carézcanos not used carézcales
accusative carézcame not used carézcalo, carézcala, carézcase carézcanos not used carézcalos, carézcalas
with first-person plural imperative carezcamos
dative not used carezcámoste carezcámosle carezcámonos carezcámoos carezcámosles
accusative not used carezcámoste carezcámoslo, carezcámosla carezcámonos carezcámoos carezcámoslos, carezcámoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative careced
dative carecedme not used carecedle carecednos careceos carecedles
accusative carecedme not used carecedlo, carecedla carecednos careceos carecedlos, carecedlas
with formal second-person plural imperative carezcan
dative carézcanme not used carézcanle carézcannos not used carézcanles, carézcanse
accusative carézcanme not used carézcanlo, carézcanla carézcannos not used carézcanlos, carézcanlas, carézcanse

Further reading
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