calquer

English

Etymology

calque +‎ -er

Noun

calquer (plural calquers)

  1. One who calques.
    • 2002, Manfred Görlach, Still More Englishes (page 144)
      This term became popular from the late 1960s onwards, languages being neatly divided between borrowers and calquers.

French

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian calcare, from Latin calcāre.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /kal.ke/
  • Audio(file)

Verb

calquer

  1. to model, to imitate, to copy
  2. to trace, to copy onto a sheet of paper superimposed over the original, by drawing over its lines

Conjugation
Conjugation of calquer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple calquer
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple calquant
/kal.kɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle calqué
/kal.ke/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present calque
/kalk/		 calques
/kalk/		 calque
/kalk/		 calquons
/kal.kɔ̃/		 calquez
/kal.ke/		 calquent
/kalk/
imperfect calquais
/kal.kɛ/		 calquais
/kal.kɛ/		 calquait
/kal.kɛ/		 calquions
/kal.kjɔ̃/		 calquiez
/kal.kje/		 calquaient
/kal.kɛ/
past historic2 calquai
/kal.ke/		 calquas
/kal.ka/		 calqua
/kal.ka/		 calquâmes
/kal.kam/		 calquâtes
/kal.kat/		 calquèrent
/kal.kɛʁ/
future calquerai
/kal.kə.ʁe/		 calqueras
/kal.kə.ʁa/		 calquera
/kal.kə.ʁa/		 calquerons
/kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/		 calquerez
/kal.kə.ʁe/		 calqueront
/kal.kə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional calquerais
/kal.kə.ʁɛ/		 calquerais
/kal.kə.ʁɛ/		 calquerait
/kal.kə.ʁɛ/		 calquerions
/kal.kə.ʁjɔ̃/		 calqueriez
/kal.kə.ʁje/		 calqueraient
/kal.kə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present calque
/kalk/		 calques
/kalk/		 calque
/kalk/		 calquions
/kal.kjɔ̃/		 calquiez
/kal.kje/		 calquent
/kalk/
imperfect2 calquasse
/kal.kas/		 calquasses
/kal.kas/		 calquât
/kal.ka/		 calquassions
/kal.ka.sjɔ̃/		 calquassiez
/kal.ka.sje/		 calquassent
/kal.kas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — calque
/kalk/		 — calquons
/kal.kɔ̃/		 calquez
/kal.ke/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading
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