< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sap

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *sab-, *sap-; see also Welsh syb-wydd (“fir”), Latin sapa (“must, new wine”), Russian со́пли (sópli, “snivel”), Armenian համ (ham, “juice, taste”), Avestan 𐬬𐬌-𐬱𐬁𐬞𐬀‎ (vi-šāpa, “having poisonous juices”), Sanskrit सबर् (sabar, “juice, nectar”)).

Noun

*sap n

  1. juice
  2. sap

Inflection
Neuter a-stem
Singular
Nominative *sap
Genitive *sapas
Singular Plural
Nominative *sap *sapu
Accusative *sap *sapu
Genitive *sapas *sapō
Dative *sapē *sapum
Instrumental *sapu *sapum

Descendants
  • Old English: sæp
    • Middle English: sap
  • Old Saxon: sap
    • Middle Low German: sap
  • Old Dutch: *sap
  • Old High German: saf
  • Low German: Saft

Further reading
  • Smith, Arden Ray (1997): Germanic Linguistic Influence on the Invented Languages of J.R.R. Tolkien
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