Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/adak

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions

*hadak

Etymology

Akin to Proto-Mongolic *adag (“end”).

Noun

*adak

foot
Antonym: *elig (“hand”)
end

Declension

Declension of *adak

	Singular ³⁾
Nominative	*adak
Accusative	adaknï, adaknïg ¹⁾
Genitive	*adaknïŋ
Dative	*adakka
Locative	*adakda
Ablative	*adakdan
Instrumental ²⁾	*adakïn
Equative ²⁾	*adakča

¹⁾ Found in early Proto-Turkic.
²⁾ The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Derived terms

*adak-la-
*adak-lïg
*adak-lïk

Descendants

Oghur:
- Chuvash: ура (ura)
Common Turkic: *adak

Arghu:
- Khalaj: hadaq
Oghuz:
- Proto-Oghuz: *ayak
  - Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (ayaq)
    - Azerbaijani: ayaq
    - Ottoman Turkish: آیاق‎ (ayak)
      - Gagauz: ayak
      - Turkish: ayak
      - → Armenian: այախ (ayax)
  - Salar: ayaq
  - Turkmen: aýak
Karluk:
- Karakhanid: اَذَقْ‎ (aδaq)
  - Khorezmian Turkic: [script needed] (aδaq), [script needed] (ayaq)
    - Chagatai: آیاق‎ (ayaq), آیاغ‎ (ayağ)
      - Uzbek: oyoq
      - Uyghur: ئاياغ‎ (ayagh)
Kipchak:
- Kipchak: ايق‎ (ayaq)
  - Mamluk-Kipchak: [script needed] (ayaq)
  - West Kipchak:
    - Crimean Tatar: ayaq
    - Karachay-Balkar: аякъ (ayaq)
    - Kumyk: аякъ (ayaq)
  - North Kipchak:
    - Bashkir: аҙаҡ (aðaq, “end; then”), аяҡ (ayaq, “leg”)
    - Tatar: аяк (ayak)
  - South Kipchak:
    - Caspian:
      - Kazakh: аяқ (aäq)
      - Karakalpak: ayaq
      - Nogai: аяк (ayak)
    - Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
      - Kyrgyz: аяк (ayak)
      - Southern Altai: аяк (ayak), айак (ayak)
Siberian:
- Old Turkic: 𐰑𐰴‎ (d¹q /adaq/)
  - Old Uyghur: ʾʾdʾq (adaq)
    - Western Yugur: azaq
- North Siberian:
  - Dolgan: атак (atak)
  - Yakut: атах (atax)
- South Siberian:
  - Sayan Turkic:
    - Tuvan: адак (adak)
  - Yenisei Turkic:
    - Khakas: азах (azax)
    - Shor: азақ (azaq)

References

Clauson, Gerard (1972), “aḏak”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 45
Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*p`ágdi”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill

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