臤

臤 U+81E4, 臤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-81E4
← 臣
[U+81E3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 臥 →
[U+81E5]

Translingual

Han character

臤 (Kangxi radical 131, 臣+2, 8 strokes, cangjie input 尸中水 (SLE), composition ⿰臣又)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 999, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30070
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1450, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2802, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+81E4

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 臤

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 臤
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (臣) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
臤 *kʰaːn, *kʰriːn, *ɡiːn, *kʰins
掔 *kʰriːn, *kʰiːn
慳 *kʰriːn
藖 *ɡriːn, *ɡriːns
堅 *kiːn
鋻 *kiːn, *kiːns
鰹 *kiːn
蜸 *kʰiːnʔ
菣 *kʰiːns, *kʰins
賢 *ɡiːn
礥 *ɡiːn, *ɢrin
臔 *ɡiːnʔ
挋 *kiŋs
臣 *ɡiŋ
茞 *ɡiŋ
腎 *ɡjinʔ
頣 *hŋiŋʔ
緊 *kinʔ
嚚 *ŋɡriŋ
鏗 *kʰreːŋ
摼 *kʰreːŋ
硻 *kʰreːŋ

Etymology

Compare with Burmese ခိုင် (hkuing, “stable, durable, firm”).

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 臤 臤 臤
Reading # 1/4 2/4 4/4
Initial (聲) 溪 (29) 溪 (29) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 寒 (61) 山 (73) 眞 (44)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open Open
Division (等) I II III
Fanqie 苦寒切 苦閑切 去刃切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /kʰɑn/ /kʰˠɛn/ /kʰˠiɪnH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /kʰɑn/ /kʰᵚæn/ /kʰᵚinH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /kʰɑn/ /kʰæn/ /kʰienH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /kʰan/ /kʰəɨn/ /kʰjinH/
Li
Rong		 /kʰɑn/ /kʰɛn/ /kʰjĕnH/
Wang
Li		 /kʰɑn/ /kʰæn/ /kʰǐĕnH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /kʰɑn/ /kʰăn/ /kʰi̯ĕnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 kān qiān qìn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 hon1 haan1 han3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 臤 臤 臤
Reading # 1/4 2/4 4/4
No. 1324 1326 1348
Phonetic
component		 臣 臣 臣
Rime
group		 元 眞 眞
Rime
subdivision		 1 1 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 看 慳 菣
Old
Chinese		 /*kʰaːn/ /*kʰriːn/ /*kʰins/

Definitions

臤

  1. firm and solid, rigid, stable

References

Pronunciation 2
For pronunciation and definitions of 臤 – see 賢 (“virtuous; good; clever; wise; worthy; able; capable; etc.”).
(This character, 臤, is an ancient form of 賢.)

See also

Japanese

Kanji
臤

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

  1. hard
  2. wise

Readings

Korean

Hanja

臤 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)

  1. wise
  2. hard
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