波
See also: 疲
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Translingual
Han character
波 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 水木竹水 (EDHE), four-corner 34147, composition ⿰氵皮)
Descendants
- Japanese: は (ha)
References
- KangXi: page 617, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17308
- Dae Jaweon: page 1012, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1597, character 7
- Unihan data for U+6CE2
Chinese
水面波
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (皮) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 陂 | *pral, *prals |
| 詖 | *pral, *prals |
| 彼 | *pralʔ |
| 柀 | *pralʔ |
| 佊 | *pralʔ, *prals |
| 貱 | *prals |
| 跛 | *prals, *paːlʔ |
| 披 | *pʰral, *pʰralʔ |
| 鈹 | *pʰral |
| 帔 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
| 鮍 | *pʰral |
| 耚 | *pʰral |
| 狓 | *pʰral |
| 翍 | *pʰral |
| 旇 | *pʰral, *brals |
| 秛 | *pʰral, *pʰrals |
| 紴 | *pʰralʔ, *paːl |
| 皮 | *bral |
| 疲 | *bral |
| 被 | *bralʔ, *brals |
| 髲 | *brals |
| 鞁 | *brals |
| 骳 | *mbralʔ |
| 波 | *paːl |
| 碆 | *paːl, *baːl |
| 菠 | *paːl |
| 簸 | *paːlʔ, *paːls |
| 駊 | *paːlʔ, *pʰaːlʔ |
| 頗 | *pʰaːl, *pʰaːlʔ, *pʰaːls |
| 坡 | *pʰaːl |
| 玻 | *pʰaːl |
| 破 | *pʰaːls |
| 婆 | *baːl |
| 蔢 | *baːl |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *paːl) : semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 皮 (OC *bral).
Etymology 1
| simp. and trad. |
波 | |
|---|---|---|
- “wave; undulation”
- Debated.
- STEDT and Starostin derive it from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/m-ba (“wave; ripple”). Cognate with Tibetan རྦ (rba), དབའ (dba', “wave”).
- Schuessler (2007) notes a mismatch of the vowels in the above comparanda, and instead posits a root *paj (“slanted; not level”), also subsuming 陂 (OC *pral, “slope; slanting”).
- Wang (1982) relates it to 播 (OC *paːls, “to winnow”), 簸 (OC *paːlʔ, *paːls, “to winnow”).
Pronunciation
Definitions
波
Compounds
Derived terms from 波
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Pronunciation
Definitions
波
- (Cantonese, Leizhou Min, Hainanese) ball (Classifier: 個／个 c; 粒 c)
- (Cantonese) ball game, especially football (Classifier: 場／场 c)
- (Cantonese) automotive gear, gearbox; transmission
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) typhoon signal (issued by the Hong Kong Observatory)
- (chiefly Hong Kong Cantonese, figurative) boob; breast (Classifier: 對／对 c; 個／个 c)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) ball; dance party (Classifier: 個／个 c)
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, figuratively, always with the classifier) responsibility (Classifier: 個／个 c)
Synonyms
- (ball):
Dialectal synonyms of 球 (“ball”) [map]
Dialectal synonyms of 乳房 (“breast”) [map]
Compounds
Derived terms from 波
Etymology 3
| For pronunciation and definitions of 波 – see 簸 (“to winnow; to bump; to jerk; to jolt”). (This character, 波, is the second-round simplified form of 簸.) |
Notes:
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References
- “波”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database), 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
Compounds
- 波蘭 (Pōrando)
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 波 |
| なみ Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 浪 (uncommon) 濤 (rare) |
⟨nami1⟩ → /namʲi/ → /nami/
From Old Japanese 浪 (nami1), from Proto-Japonic *nami.
Cognate with 並 (nami, “row or line of something”), the nominalized 連用形 (ren’yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of Old Japanese verb 並む (namu, “to line up, to be strung out”).
Noun
波 • (nami)
- a wave
- そのサーファーは一番大きな波に乗った。
- Sono sāfā wa ichiban ōkina nami ni notta.
- That surfer rode the biggest wave.
- そのサーファーは一番大きな波に乗った。
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 波 |
| は Grade: 3 |
| on’yomi |
/pa/ → /ɸa/ → /ha/
From Middle Chinese 波 (MC puɑ).
Derived terms
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 波 |
| ぽ Grade: 3 |
| irregular |
Korean
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 波 (MC puɑ). Recorded as Middle Korean 파 (pha) (Yale: pha) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Compounds
Compounds
- 고주파 (高周波, gojupa)
- 광파 (光波, gwangpa)
- 뇌파 (腦波, noepa)
- 방파제 (防波堤, bangpaje)
- 여파 (餘波, yeopa)
- 음파 (音波, eumpa)
- 인파 (人波, inpa)
- 전자기파 (電磁氣波, jeonjagipa)
- 전파 (電波, jeonpa, “electric or radio wave”)
- 주파수 (周波數, jupasu)
- 중력파 (重力波, jungnyeokpa)
- 지진파 (地震波, jijinpa)
- 초음파 (超音波, cho'eumpa)
- 추파 (秋波, chupa, “romantic move”)
- 충격파 (衝擊波, chunggyeokpa)
- 파급 (波及, pageup)
- 파도 (波濤, pado)
- 파동 (波動, padong)
- 파력 (波力, paryeok)
- 파문 (波紋, pamun, “ripple, undulation”)
- 풍파 (風波, pungpa)
- 한파 (寒波, hanpa)
Vietnamese
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