凜

See also: 凛

凜	U+51DC, 凜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51DC

← 凛
[U+51DB]

CJK Unified Ideographs

凝 →
[U+51DD]

Translingual

Han character

凜 (radical 15, 冫+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 戈一卜田木 (IMYWD), four-corner 3019₁, composition ⿰冫稟)

shiver with cold or fear
fearful

References

KangXi: not present, would follow page 133, character 44

Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1717

Dae Jaweon: page 298, character 25

Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 301, character 13

Unihan data for U+51DC

Chinese

trad.		凜
simp.		凛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 凜
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (禀) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
燷	*b·ruːm
壈	*b·ruːmʔ
燣	*b·ruːmʔ
顲	b·ruːmʔ, b·ruːms, *b·rumʔ
稟	*prɯmʔ
廩	*b·rɯmʔ
懍	*b·rɯmʔ
凜	b·rɯmʔ, ɡrɯm
癛	*b·rɯmʔ
檁	*b·rɯmʔ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǐn (lin³)

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lam⁵
Min Nan (POJ): lím

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: lǐn
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˇ
  - Wade–Giles: lin³
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liin
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǐn
  - IPA ^(key): /lin²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: lam⁵
  - Yale: láhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lam⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: lem⁵
  - IPA ^(key): /lɐm¹³/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
  - Tâi-lô: lím
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liem
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: /ɡˠiɪm/, /liɪm^X/▼

Rime
Character	凜	凜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	群 (30)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	侵 (140)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	Chongniu III	III
Fanqie	巨金切	力稔切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡˠiɪm/	/liɪm^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡᵚim/	/lim^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiem/	/ljem^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gjim/	/lim^X/
Li Rong	/ɡjəm/	/liəm^X/
Wang Li	/ɡĭĕm/	/lĭĕm^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯əm/	/li̯əm^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín	lǐn

Old Chinese▼
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][ə]mʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯmʔ/, /*ɡrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	凜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǐn
Middle Chinese	‹ lim^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[r][ə]mʔ/
English	cold
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	凜	凜
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	909	913
Phonetic component	禀	禀
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	廩	琴
Old Chinese	/*b·rɯmʔ/	/*ɡrɯm/

Definitions

凜

freezing cold
凜冽 / 凛冽 ― lǐnliè ― freezing cold
solemn
凜然 / 凛然 ― lǐnrán ― stern; awe-inspiring
(literary) fearful

Compounds

凜冽／凛冽 (lǐnliè)
凜凜／凛凛 (lǐnlǐn)
凜凜冽冽／凛凛冽冽
凜慄／凛栗

凜然／凛然 (lǐnrán)
凜然難犯／凛然难犯
大義凜然／大义凛然 (dàyìlǐnrán)

威風凜凜／威风凛凛 (wēifēnglǐnlǐn)
道貌凜然／道貌凛然
黑凜凜／黑凛凛

Japanese

Kanji

凜

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

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Readings

On (unclassified): りん (rin)

Kun: さむい (samui), すさまじい (susamajii), おそれる (osoreru)

Korean

Hanja

凜 • (reum) (hangeul 름, revised reum, McCune–Reischauer rŭm, Yale lum)

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Vietnamese

Han character

凜 (lẫm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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