عدو

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ع د و‎ (ʿ-d-w).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.duww/

Noun

عَدُوّ • (ʿaduww) m (plural أَعْدَاء‎ (ʾaʿdāʾ) or عِدًى‎ (ʿidan) or عُدًى‎ (ʿudan) or أَعَادٍ‎ (ʾaʿādin), feminine عَدُوّ (ʿaduww) or عَدُوَّة‎ (ʿaduwwa))

enemy; foe
Antonyms: صَدِيق‎ (ṣadīq), حَلِيف‎ (ḥalīf), خَلِيل‎ (ḵalīl), نَصِير‎ (naṣīr)
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 43:67:
  
  ‏الْأَخِلَّاءُ يَوْمَئِذٍ بَعْضُهُمْ لِبَعْضٍ عَدُوٌّ إِلَّا الْمُتَّقِينَ‎
  al-ʾaḵillāʾu yawmaʾiḏin baʿḍuhum li-baʿḍin ʿaduwwun ʾillā l-muttaqīna
  Close friends, that Day, will be enemies to each other, except for the righteous.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 63:4:
  
  ‏هُمُ ٱلْعَدُوُّ فَٱحْذَرْهُمْ‎
  humu l-ʿaduwwu faḥḏarhum
  They are the enemy, so beware of them.

Declension

Declension of noun عَدُوّ (ʿaduww)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَدُوّ ʿaduww	الْعَدُوّ‎ al-ʿaduww	عَدُوّ ʿaduww
Nominative	عَدُوٌّ ʿaduwwun	الْعَدُوُّ‎ al-ʿaduwwu	عَدُوُّ ʿaduwwu
Accusative	عَدُوًّا‎ ʿaduwwan	الْعَدُوَّ‎ al-ʿaduwwa	عَدُوَّ ʿaduwwa
Genitive	عَدُوٍّ ʿaduwwin	الْعَدُوِّ‎ al-ʿaduwwi	عَدُوِّ ʿaduwwi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَدُوَّيْن‎ ʿaduwwayn	الْعَدُوَّيْن‎ al-ʿaduwwayn	عَدُوَّيْ‎ ʿaduwway
Nominative	عَدُوَّانِ‎ ʿaduwwāni	الْعَدُوَّانِ‎ al-ʿaduwwāni	عَدُوَّا‎ ʿaduwwā
Accusative	عَدُوَّيْنِ‎ ʿaduwwayni	الْعَدُوَّيْنِ‎ al-ʿaduwwayni	عَدُوَّيْ‎ ʿaduwway
Genitive	عَدُوَّيْنِ‎ ʿaduwwayni	الْعَدُوَّيْنِ‎ al-ʿaduwwayni	عَدُوَّيْ‎ ʿaduwway
Plural	basic broken plural triptote‎; broken plural in ـًى (-an)‎; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in)
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَعْدَاء‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِي‎ ʾaʿdāʾ‎; ʿidā‎; ʿudā‎; ʾaʿādī	الْأَعْدَاء‎‎; الْعِدَى‎‎; الْعُدَى‎‎; الْأَعَادِي‎ al-ʾaʿdāʾ‎; al-ʿidā‎; al-ʿudā‎; al-ʾaʿādī	أَعْدَاء‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِي‎ ʾaʿdāʾ‎; ʿidā‎; ʿudā‎; ʾaʿādī
Nominative	أَعْدَاءٌ‎‎; عِدًى‎‎; عُدًى‎‎; أَعَادٍ‎ ʾaʿdāʾun‎; ʿidan‎; ʿudan‎; ʾaʿādin	الْأَعْدَاءُ‎‎; الْعِدَى‎‎; الْعُدَى‎‎; الْأَعَادِي‎ al-ʾaʿdāʾu‎; al-ʿidā‎; al-ʿudā‎; al-ʾaʿādī	أَعْدَاءُ‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِي‎ ʾaʿdāʾu‎; ʿidā‎; ʿudā‎; ʾaʿādī
Accusative	أَعْدَاءً‎‎; عِدًى‎‎; عُدًى‎‎; أَعَادِيَ‎ ʾaʿdāʾan‎; ʿidan‎; ʿudan‎; ʾaʿādiya	الْأَعْدَاءَ‎‎; الْعِدَى‎‎; الْعُدَى‎‎; الْأَعَادِيَ‎ al-ʾaʿdāʾa‎; al-ʿidā‎; al-ʿudā‎; al-ʾaʿādiya	أَعْدَاءَ‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِيَ‎ ʾaʿdāʾa‎; ʿidā‎; ʿudā‎; ʾaʿādiya
Genitive	أَعْدَاءٍ‎‎; عِدًى‎‎; عُدًى‎‎; أَعَادٍ‎ ʾaʿdāʾin‎; ʿidan‎; ʿudan‎; ʾaʿādin	الْأَعْدَاءِ‎‎; الْعِدَى‎‎; الْعُدَى‎‎; الْأَعَادِي‎ al-ʾaʿdāʾi‎; al-ʿidā‎; al-ʿudā‎; al-ʾaʿādī	أَعْدَاءِ‎‎; عِدَى‎‎; عُدَى‎‎; أَعَادِي‎ ʾaʿdāʾi‎; ʿidā‎; ʿudā‎; ʾaʿādī

Derived terms

اَلْحَقُّ مَا شَهِدَتْ بِهِ ٱلْأَعْدَاءُ‎ (al-ḥaqqu mā šahidat bihi l-ʾaʿdāʾu, proverb)
عَدُوُّ عَدُوِّي صَدِيقِي‎ (ʿaduwwu ʿaduwwī ṣadīqī, proverb)

Descendants

Maltese: għadu
→ Northern Kurdish: edû
→ Persian: عَدو‎ ('adu)
→ Swahili: adui
→ Somali: cadow
→ Tajik: аду (adu)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979), “عدو”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Moroccan Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic عَدُوّ‎ (ʿaduww).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕduww/

Noun

عدو • (ʕduww) m (plural عديان‎ (ʕadyān), feminine عدوة‎ (ʕduwwa))

enemy; foe

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