ъ

See also: ь, ѣ, Ъ, and Ь

Translingual


ъ U+044A, ъ
CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN
щ
[U+0449]
Cyrillic ы
[U+044B]

Letter

ъ (upper case Ъ)

  1. A letter of the Cyrillic script, called hard sign.

Letter

ъ (upper case Ъ)

  1. A letter of the Old Cyrillic script, called back yer or yeru.

Abaza

Letter

ъ (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The sixty-sixth letter of the Abaza alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Adyghe

Letter

ъ () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The fifty-ninth letter of the Adyghe alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Aghul

Letter

ъ (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The forty-seventh letter of the Aghul alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Alutor

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Alutor alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Avar

Letter

ъ (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The forty-first letter of the Avar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Bashkir

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Bashkir alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Bulgarian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɤ], [ɤ̞]

Letter

ъ (ǎ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Bulgarian alphabet, called ер голям (er goljam), and written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Buryat

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Buryat alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Chechen

Letter

ъ (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The forty-first letter of the Chechen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Chukchi

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Chukchi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Chuvash

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Chuvash alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Crimean Tatar

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Crimean Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Dargwa

Letter

ъ (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The forty-first letter of the Dargwa alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Dungan

Letter

ъ (ъ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-third letter of the Dungan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Eastern Mari

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Eastern Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Even

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Even alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Evenki

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Evenki alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Ingush

Letter

ъ (ʔ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-ninth letter of the Ingush alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Itelmen

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The forty-second letter of the Itelmen alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Kabardian

Letter

ъ () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The fifty-third letter of the Kabardian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Kalmyk

Letter

ъ () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Kalmyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Kazakh

Cyrillic ъ ()
Arabic n/a (n/a)
Latin n/a

Letter

ъ () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-sixth letter of the Kazakh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Khakas

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Khakas alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Kumyk

Letter

ъ () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Kumyk alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Kyrgyz

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Kyrgyz alphabet, called ажыратуу белгиси (ajıratuu belgisi), and written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Lezgi

Letter

ъ (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The fortieth letter of the Lezgi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Mansi

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Mansi alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Mongolian

Letter

ъ () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirtieth letter of the Mongolian alphabet, called хатуугийн тэмдэг (xatuugiin temdeg), and written in the Cyrillic script.

Usage notes

Due to its rarity, the hard sign ъ () is sometimes replaced by the more common soft sign ь (ʹ).

See also


Nivkh

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The forty-first letter of the Nivkh alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Ossetian

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-eighth letter of the Ossetian alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

Usage notes

Only used in Russian borrowings.

See also


Russian

Pronunciation

This letter has no pronunciation of its own. It instead functions as a graphic sign.

Letter

ъ (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The twenty-eighth letter of the Russian alphabet, called твёрдый знак (tvjórdyj znak), and written in the Cyrillic script.

Usage notes

The hard sign has no sound of its own, but modifies that of the preceding consonant by causing it to be pronounced unpalatalized (i.e. hard). Some writers use an apostrophe instead of ъ (e.g. съезд (sʺjezd)с'езд (sʺjezd)) which is considered non-standard or obsolete.

Before the 1918 spelling reform, ъ also appeared after every final consonant (e.g. грѣхъ (grěx, sin, fault)), or after words like въ (v, in, to) and съ (s, with) that are nowadays spelled as only a single consonant. After the 1918 spelling reform, when the usage of ъ was heavily reduced, some typewriters did not have the letter at all, forcing people to use an apostrophe.

See also


Southern Altai

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Southern Altai alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Tabasaran

Letter

ъ (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The forty-first letter of the Tabasaran alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Tajik

Letter

ъ (ʾ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-second letter of the Tajik alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Tatar

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-fourth letter of the Tatar alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Tundra Nenets

Letter

ъ (transliteration needed) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The twenty-ninth letter of the Tundra Nenets alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Tuvan

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Tuvan alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Udmurt

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-third letter of the Udmurt alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Uzbek

Letter

ъ () (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The twenty-seventh letter of the Uzbek alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Western Mari

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-first letter of the Western Mari alphabet, written in the Cyrillic script.

See also


Yakut

Letter

ъ (ʺ) (lower case, upper case Ъ)

  1. The thirty-fifth letter of the Yakut alphabet, called кытаанах бэлиэ (kıtaanax belie), and written in the Cyrillic script.

See also

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