Visa requirements for United States citizens

Visa requirements for United States citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries not mentioned in the list above, recognized administrative subdivisions that operate on different visa policies and restricted zones:

Visitor to	Visa requirement	Allowed stay	Notes (excluding departure fees)
Africa
Eritrea outside Asmara	Travel permit required		To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[518]
Ascension Island	eVisa[519][520]	3 months	3 months within any year period
Saint Helena	Visa Free with Payment		Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[521]
Tristan da Cunha	Permission required		Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[522]
Mayotte	Visa not required[523]	90 days
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Undefined		Undefined visa regime in the Western Sahara, same entry requirements with Morocco, controlled territory.
Somaliland	Visa on arrival	30 days	60 US dollars, payable on arrival, or 80 US dollars at the Somaliland Mission in Alexandria, VA.[524]
Réunion	Visa not required[525]	90 days
Sudan outside Khartoum	Travel permit required		All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur	Travel permit required		Separate travel permit is required.[526]
Asia
British Indian Ocean Territory	Special permit required		Special permit required.[527]
Hainan	Visa not required when travelling as part of a tour group		Visa not required for 15 days for traveling as part of a tourist group (2 or more people)[528][529]
Hong Kong	Visa not required	90 days[530]
Protected and restricted areas of India	PAP/RAP required		Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[531][532][533][534][535][536]
Iraqi Kurdistan	Visa on arrival		Visa stamp on arrival for 30 days is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports for $70.
Baikonur & Priozersk	Special permission required		Special permission required for the city of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Priozersk near Almaty.[537]
Kish Island	Visa not required		Tourists for Kish Island do not require a visa.[228]
Macau	Visa not required	30 days[538]
Sabah and Sarawak	Visa not required		These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[539]
Maldives outside Malé	Permission required		Tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of the Maldives.[540]
Mecca and Medina	Special access required		Non-Muslims and those following the Ahmadiyya religious movement are strictly prohibited from entry.
North Sentinel Island	Travel restricted		Travel to anywhere within five nautical miles of the island requires very special permission from the Indian government, regardless of nationality.
Palestine	Visa not required		Travel to Gaza Strip may be restricted .[541]
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province	OIVR permit required		OIVR permit required (15+5 Tajikistani Somoni) and another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[542][543][544]
Tibet Autonomous Region	TTP required		Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[545]
Closed cities of Turkmenistan	Special permit required		A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[546]
Korean Demilitarized Zone	Restricted zone
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar	Restricted zone
Phú Quốc	Visa not required	30 days[507]
Yemen outside Sana’a or Aden	Special permission required		Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[511]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
Anguilla	Visa not required	3 months[547]
Aruba	Visa not required	30 days	For stays longer than 30 days, see Aruba’s extension of stay upon entry requirements.[548][549]
Bermuda	Visa not required	6 months	Decided on arrival.[550]
(Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba)	Visa not required	180 days	Up to 180 days every 365 days[551][552] Up to 180 days every 365 days, If US citizens want to work or do an internship, a maximum stay of 90 days per 365 days without a Declaration of Admittance by Law applies.
British Virgin Islands	Visa not required	30 days	Extensions possible[553]
Cayman Islands	Visa not required	6 months[554]
San Andrés and Leticia	Tourist Card on arrival		Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[555]
Curaçao	Visa not required	6 months	Maximum consecutive period of six months each calendar year. [556]
French West Indies	Visa not required	3 months	French West Indies refers to Martinique, Guadeloupe, Saint Martin and Saint Barthélemy[557]
Greenland	Visa not required[558]
Margarita Island	Visa required		All visitors are fingerprinted.[559]
Montserrat	Visa not required	6 months
Sint Maarten	Visa not required	6 months	Maximum stay allowed is 6 months uninterrupted with the possibility to extend[560][561]
Turks and Caicos Islands	Visa not required	90 days[562]
Europe
Abkhazia	Visa required[563]
Mount Athos	Special permit required		Special permit required (4 days: 25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[564][565]
ATO zone	Special permission required[566]
Brest and Grodno	Visa not required	10 days[567]
Crimea	Visa required		Visa issued by Russia is required.[568]
Novorossiya	Restricted area		Crossing from Ukraine requires visit purpose to be explained to Ukrainian passport control on exit and those who entered from Russia are not allowed to proceed further into Ukraine.[569]
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus	Visa not required	3 months[570]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus	Access Permit required[571]		Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
Faroe Islands	Visa not required[558]
Gibraltar	Visa not required[572]
Guernsey	Visa not required[573]
Isle of Man	Visa not required[574]
Jan Mayen	Permit required[572]	24 hours	Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[575] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[576]
Jersey	Visa not required[577]
Kosovo	Visa not required	90 days[578]
Artsakh	Visa required[579][580]		Travellers with Artsakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Artsakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[581]
Closed cities of Russia	Special authorization required		Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[395]
South Ossetia	Visa not required		Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[582][583]
Svalbard	Visa not required[584]	Unlimited	Anyone may live and work freely in Svalbard per the Svalbard Treaty.
Transnistria	Visa not required	24 hours	Registration required after 24h.[585][586]
Oceania
American Samoa	Freedom of movement	Unlimited	Passport is required for entry because American Samoans, by law, are not US citizens; rather they are US nationals. U.S. citizens may live and work freely in American Samoa.[587]
Ashmore and Cartier Islands	Special authorisation required		Special authorisation required.[588]
Clipperton Island	Special permit required		Special permit required.[589]
Cook Islands	Visa not required	31 days[590]
Lau Province	Special permission required		Special permission required.[174]
French Polynesia	Visa not required	90 days	90 days within any 180-day period[591]
Guam	Freedom of movement	Unlimited	U.S. citizens and American Samoan citizens may live and work freely in Guam. Passport/EDL is required for entry.[592][593]
Niue	Visa on arrival	30 days[594]
Northern Mariana Islands	Freedom of movement	Unlimited	U.S. citizens and American Samoan citizens may live and work freely in the Northern Mariana Islands. Passport/EDL is required for entry.[595]
Pitcairn Islands	Visa not required	14 days	Visa free and landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[596][597][598]
Tokelau	Entry permit required[599]
United States Minor Outlying Islands	Special permits required		Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[600][601][602][603][604][605][606]
South America
Galápagos	Pre-registration required		Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[607]
French Guiana	Visa not required	3 months[608]	International Certificate of Vaccination required.
South Atlantic and Antarctica
Falkland Islands	Visa not required		Visa is not required.[609]
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	Permit required		Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[610][611]
Antarctica	Special permits required		Special permits required for  Bouvet Island,  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[612][613][614][615][616][617][618][619][620][621][622][623]

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[637] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being valid or available.

An International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis is required to prove that someone has been vaccinated against yellow fever

Many African countries, including Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Rwanda, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo, South Sudan, Uganda, and Zambia, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[638] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[639]

Some other countries require vaccination only if the passenger is coming from an infected area or has visited one recently or has transited for 12 hours in those countries: Algeria, Botswana, Cabo Verde, Chad, Djibouti, Egypt, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Lesotho, Libya, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, Seychelles, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tunisia, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.[640][641]

An increasing number of countries have been imposing additional COVID-19 related health restrictions such as quarantine measures and testing requirements. Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.[642]

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a valid passport on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card - especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[643][644] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[645]

Some countries, such as Japan,[646] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[647] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[648] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[649] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru.[650] Philippines,[651] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[652]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Honduras, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[653] and South Africa.

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[654] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[655]

For example, Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens that have previously entered Azerbaijan through non-Azerbaijani controlled borders. This includes the illegal entry into the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[656] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding Armenian-occupied territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[657] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[658] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[659] Lebanon,[660] Libya,[661] Syria,[662] and Yemen[663] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[664]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[665][666] Argentina,[667] Brunei, Cambodia,[668] China,[669] Ethiopia,[670] Ghana, Guinea,[671] India, Japan,[672][673] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[674] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[675] Mongolia, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[676] Singapore, South Korea,[677] Taiwan, Thailand,[678] Uganda,[679] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[680][681][682] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[683]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[684] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[685][686] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[687] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[688][689]