Union affiliation by U.S. state
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Percent of workforce belonging to a union in 2017
20+%
15–19.9%
10–14.9%
5–9.9%
0–4.9%
| Rank | State | Percent union members | Union members | Percent represented by unions | Represented by unions | Total employed | Right to Work |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Hawaii | 21.9 | 125,000 | 23.4 | 134,000 | 572,000 | No |
| 2 |  New York | 20.7 | 1,679,000 | 22.1 | 1,795,000 | 8,124,000 | No |
| 3 |  Washington | 18.0 | 615,000 | 19.1 | 653,000 | 3,413,000 | No |
| 4 |  California | 16.1 | 2,617,000 | 17.6 | 2,856,000 | 16,240,000 | No |
| 5 |  Rhode Island | 16.1 | 81,000 | 17.7 | 89,000 | 505,000 | No |
| 6 |  Alaska | 16.0 | 48,000 | 17.2 | 52,000 | 298,000 | No |
| 7 |  Oregon | 15.5 | 281,000 | 16.9 | 305,000 | 1,810,000 | No |
| 8 |  New Jersey | 14.9 | 619,000 | 16.0 | 666,000 | 4,161,000 | No |
| 9 |  Connecticut | 14.2 | 236,000 | 16.3 | 256,000 | 1,658,000 | No |
| 10 |  Minnesota | 14.2 | 382,000 | 15.2 | 411,000 | 2,697,000 | No |
| 11 |  Michigan | 14.0 | 589,000 | 15.3 | 644,000 | 4,212,000 | No |
| 12 |  Illinois | 13.1 | 735,000 | 14.1 | 789,000 | 5,611,000 | No |
| 13 |  Ohio | 12.8 | 641,000 | 14.0 | 699,000 | 4,989,000 | No |
| 14 |  Massachusetts | 12.7 | 413,000 | 13.8 | 447,000 | 3,241,000 | No |
| 15 |  Pennsylvania | 12.7 | 715,000 | 13.6 | 767,000 | 5,628,000 | No |
| 16 |  Vermont | 12.1 | 34,000 | 13.4 | 38,000 | 284,000 | No |
| 17 |  Maryland | 11.6 | 327,000 | 13.2 | 372,000 | 2,816,000 | No |
| 18 |  Nevada | 11.3 | 146,000 | 12.8 | 164,000 | 1,287,000 | Yes |
| 19 |  Montana | 11.2 | 52,000 | 12.3 | 57,000 | 466,000 | No |
| 20 |  New Hampshire | 10.1 | 70,000 | 11.2 | 77,000 | 687,000 | No |
| 21 |  Kansas | 9.8 | 129,000 | 12.1 | 160,000 | 1,318,000 | Yes |
| 22 |  Missouri | 9.6 | 257,000 | 10.6 | 284,000 | 2,681,000 | No |
| 23 |  West Virginia | 9.2 | 64,000 | 10.0 | 69,000 | 689,000 | Yes |
| 24 |  Maine | 9.2 | 48,000 | 11.5 | 61,000 | 527,000 | No |
| 25 |  District of Columbia | 9.1 | 30,000 | 10.4 | 34,000 | 331,000 | No |
| 26 |  New Mexico | 8.8 | 71,000 | 10.6 | 86,000 | 806,000 | No |
| 27 |  Delaware | 8.5 | 38,000 | 9.4 | 42,000 | 442,000 | No |
| 28 |  Kentucky | 7.9 | 141,000 | 10.3 | 185,000 | 1,791,000 | Yes |
| 29 |  Indiana | 7.4 | 223,000 | 8.6 | 260,000 | 3,023,000 | Yes |
| 30 |  Alabama | 7.2 | 149,000 | 8.4 | 173,000 | 2,066,000 | Yes |
| 31 |  Wisconsin | 7.1 | 187,000 | 8.0 | 212,000 | 2,648,000 | Yes |
| 32 |  Iowa | 7.0 | 105,000 | 8.7 | 132,000 | 1,506,000 | Yes |
| 33 |  Nebraska | 6.5 | 60,000 | 8.1 | 74,000 | 923,000 | Yes |
| 34 |  Colorado | 6.7 | 178,000 | 7.5 | 201,000 | 2,672,000 | No |
| 35 |  North Dakota | 6.4 | 23,000 | 7.6 | 28,000 | 365,000 | Yes |
| 36 |  Wyoming | 5.6 | 14,000 | 7.3 | 18,000 | 243,000 | Yes |
| 37 |  Mississippi | 5.6 | 62,000 | 7.2 | 79,000 | 1,102,000 | Yes |
| 38 |  Tennessee | 5.5 | 163,000 | 6.3 | 184,000 | 2,931,000 | Yes |
| 39 |  Oklahoma | 5.5 | 88,000 | 7.1 | 113,000 | 1,587,000 | Yes |
| 40 |  Arizona | 5.5 | 169,000 | 6.2 | 189,000 | 3,061,000 | Yes |
| 41 |  Arkansas | 4.9 | 59,000 | 5.7 | 68,000 | 1,204,000 | Yes |
| 42 |  Idaho | 4.7 | 39,000 | 5.9 | 49,000 | 825,000 | Yes |
| 43 |  Florida | 4.5 | 414,000 | 5.6 | 511,000 | 9,100,000 | Yes |
| 44 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Georgia | 4.4 | 200,000 | 5.4 | 244,000 | 4,521,000 | Yes |
| 45 |  Louisiana | 4.2 | 76,000 | 5.2 | 94,000 | 1,801,000 | Yes |
| 46 |  Texas | 4.1 | 518,000 | 5.1 | 643,000 | 12,496,000 | Yes |
| 47 |  Utah | 3.9 | 60,000 | 8.7 | 133,000 | 1,540,000 | Yes |
| 48 |  Virginia | 3.7 | 146,000 | 4.5 | 175,000 | 3,906,000 | Yes |
| 49 |  South Dakota | 3.1 | 13,000 | 4.2 | 17,000 | 412,000 | Yes |
| 50 |  North Carolina | 2.8 | 125,000 | 3.9 | 173,000 | 4,409,000 | Yes |
| 51 |  South Carolina | 1.7 | 35,000 | 2.0 | 40,000 | 2,050,000 | Yes |
| — |  United States | 10.1 | 14,285,000 | 11.3 | 16,002,000 | 141,673,000 | N/A |
See also
References
- Bureau of Labor Statistics (January 20, 2023). "Union members in 2021". Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Labor.
External links
- Hirsch, Barry T.; Macpherson, David (2016). "Union Membership and Coverage Database". Unionstats.com.
- Hirsch, Barry T.; Macpherson, David A.; Vroman, Wayne G. (2016). "Union Density Estimates by State, 1964–2015". Atlanta: Georgia State University.
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