Ternopil
Ternopil (Ukrainian: Тернопіль, IPA: [terˈnɔp⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ] (
listen); Polish: Tarnopol; Yiddish: טארנאפאל, romanized: Tarnapol; Hebrew: טרנופול, romanized: Tarnopol; German: Tarnopol; Russian: Тернополь, romanized: Ternopol; Belarusian: Тарнопаль, romanized: Tarnopal) is a city in the west of Ukraine. Administratively, Ternopil serves as the administrative centre of Ternopil Oblast. Located on the banks of the Seret, until 1944 it was known mostly as Tarnopol. Ternopil is one of the major cities of Western Ukraine and the historical regions of Galicia and Podolia. It is served by Ternopil Airport. The population of Ternopil was estimated at 225,004 (2022 est.).[2]
Ternopil
Тернопіль | |
|---|---|
City | |
      | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Ternopil Location within Ukraine  Ternopil Ternopil (Ternopil Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 49°34′N 25°36′E | |
| Country |  Ukraine |
| Oblast |  Ternopil Oblast |
| Raion (District) |  Ternopil Raion |
| Founded | 1540 (483 years ago) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Serhiy Nadal[1] (Svoboda) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 86 km2 (33.2 sq mi) |
| Elevation (mean) | 320 m (1,050 ft) |
| Population (2022)[2] | |
| • Total | 225,004 |
| • Density | 2,600/km2 (6,800/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+3 (CEST) |
| Area code | +380 352 |
| Website | rada |
Administrative status
The city is the administrative center of Ternopil Oblast (region), as well as of surrounding Ternopil Raion (district) within the oblast. It hosts the administration of Ternopil urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.[3]
Demography
According to Ukrainian Census (2001), Ternopil city and Ternopil oblast are homogeneously populated by ethnic Ukrainians. Ternopil city and Ternopil oblast are also homogeneously Ukrainian-speaking.[4]
National structure of Ternopil Oblast - 1,138.5 (100%)
- Ukrainians - 1,113.5 (97.8%)
- Russians - 14.2 (1.2%)
- Poles - 3.8 (0.3%)
Native languages in Ternopil:
- Ukrainian language — 94,8 %,
- Russian language — 3,37 %,
- Belarusian language — 0,07 %,
- Polish language — 0,04 %,
History
Climate
Ternopil has a moderate continental climate with cold winters and warm summers.
| Climate data for Ternopil (1981–2010, extremes 1949–2011) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 12.2 (54.0) |
17.3 (63.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
30.0 (86.0) |
30.2 (86.4) |
37.8 (100.0) |
38.4 (101.1) |
36.1 (97.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
25.7 (78.3) |
19.9 (67.8) |
13.9 (57.0) |
38.4 (101.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
0.0 (32.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
13.2 (55.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
23.8 (74.8) |
23.5 (74.3) |
18.1 (64.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
11.7 (53.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
1.1 (34.0) |
8.0 (46.4) |
14.0 (57.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
17.8 (64.0) |
13.0 (55.4) |
7.7 (45.9) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
7.4 (45.3) |
| Average low °C (°F) | −6.5 (20.3) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
13.4 (56.1) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.5 (47.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
3.5 (38.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.6 (−24.9) |
−31.0 (−23.8) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
4.0 (39.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−18.0 (−0.4) |
−27.0 (−16.6) |
−31.6 (−24.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 25.6 (1.01) |
29.7 (1.17) |
33.4 (1.31) |
37.9 (1.49) |
61.1 (2.41) |
77.5 (3.05) |
92.3 (3.63) |
70.9 (2.79) |
56.3 (2.22) |
36.8 (1.45) |
33.4 (1.31) |
35.3 (1.39) |
590.2 (23.24) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.5 | 8.2 | 7.6 | 7.4 | 9.5 | 10.6 | 11.0 | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 8.9 | 102.0 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 85.3 | 83.6 | 79.3 | 70.6 | 68.9 | 73.5 | 74.2 | 74.2 | 78.5 | 81.2 | 86.4 | 87.3 | 78.6 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization[5] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Climatebase.ru (extremes)[6] | |||||||||||||
Higher education
Teachers of Ternopil State Medical University.
Universities include:
- West Ukrainian National University
- Ternopil Ivan Pul'uj National Technical University
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatyuk National Pedagogical University
- Ternopil State Medical University
On 31 December 2013, the 11th Artillery Brigade, descendant of artillery units that had been based in the city since 1949, was disbanded.[7]
Main sights
- Ternopil Regional Art Museum
- Church of the Exaltation of the Cross, Ternopil
- Ukrainian Greek Catholic Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of The Blessed Virgin Mary
- The sanctuary of Our Lady of Zarvanytsia with a miraculous icon of the 13th century called icon of the Mother of God of Zarvanytsia, sanctuary of Greek-Catholic rite. Located about 40 km from Ternopil, celebrated on 22 July.
People
- Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz (1890–1963), Polish philosopher and logician, researched model theory
- Henryk Baranowski (1943–2013) a Polish theatre, opera and film director, actor, playwright and poet.
- Vasyl Barvinsky (1888–1963) a Ukrainian composer, pianist, conductor and musicologist
- Eugeniusz Baziak (1890–1962) Archbishop of Lviv and apostolic administrator of Kraków.
- Natalia Buchynska (born 1977), singer, brought up in Ternopil.
- Daria Chubata (born 1940), Ukrainian physician, author and social activist
- Mykola Chubatyi (1889-1975),[8] historian of Ukrainian Church
- Cyryl Czarkowski-Golejewski (1885–1940) aristocratic Polish landowner, Katyn massacre victim.
- Charlotte Eisler (1894-1970) Austrian singer and pianist with the Second Viennese School.
- Kornel Filipowicz (1913–1990) a Polish novelist, poet, screenwriter and short story writer
- Franciszek Kleeberg (1888–1941) a Polish general in the Austro-Hungarian Army
- Bohdan Levkiv (1950–2021) a Ukrainian politician, mayor of Ternopil from 2002 to 2006.
- Pepi Litman (1874–1930) a cross-dressing female Yiddish vaudeville singer
- Kazimierz Michałowski,[9] (1901–1981), Polish archaeologist, Egyptologist and art historian
- Serhiy Nadal (born 1975) a Ukrainian politician; mayor of Ternopil since 2010
- Yuriy Oliynyk (1931–2021) a Ukrainian composer, concert pianist and professor of music in the US
- Jakub Karol Parnas (1884–1949), biochemist, born in Ternopil.
- Joseph Perl,[9] (1773–1839), an Ashkenazi Jewish educator and writer, a scion of the Haskalah
- Simhah Pinsker (1801–1864) a Polish-Jewish scholar and archeologist
- Rudolf Pöch (1870–1921), doctor and anthropologist; pioneer photographer and cinematographer
- Roza Pomerantz-Meltzer (1880–1934) a Polish writer and novelist based in Lviv and politician.
- Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport (1786–1867), a Galician and Czech rabbi and Jewish scholar.
- Karol Rathaus (1895—1954), Polish-Austrian-American modernist composer
- Eduard Romanyuta (born 1992) a Ukrainian singer, songwriter, actor and TV presenter.
- Baron Lajos Simonyi de Barbács et Vitézvár (1824–1894) a Hungarian politician
- Ruslan Stefanchuk (born 1975) a Ukrainian politician, party chairman and lawyer
- Yaroslav Stetsko (1912–1986), a leader of Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) from 1968.
- Oleh Syrotyuk (born 1978) a Ukrainian politician, Governor of Ternopil Oblast in 2014
- Jan Tarnowski (1488-1561), Polish general and nobleman, founder of Ternopil (as Tarnopol).[10]
- Judd L. Teller (1912–1972) Jewish author, social historian and poet; emigrated to the US in 1921.
- Baroness Adelma Vay (1840–1925), a medium and pioneer of spiritualism in Slovenia and Hungary.
Sport
- Olga Babiy (born 1989), a Ukrainian chess player and Woman Grandmaster
- Petr Badlo (born 1976) a Ukrainian football manager and former footballer with 470 club caps.
- Olha Maslivets (born 1978) a Russian windsurfer who competed at four Summer Olympics
- Ihor Semenyna (born 1989) a Ukrainian football midfielder with 330 club caps
People from Ternopil Oblast
- Aleksander Brückner,[9] (1856 in Berezhany – 1939), a Polish scholar of Slavic languages and literature
- Volodymyr Hnatiuk (1871 in Velesniv, Buchach – 1926), Ukrainian writer, literary scholar, journalist and ethnographer.
- Solomiya Krushelnytska (1872 in Biliavyntsi — 1952), an outstanding Ukrainian Soprano
- Bohdan Lepky (1872 in Krehulets – 1941), a Ukrainian writer, poet, scholar, public figure, and artist.
- Ivan Pului (1845 in Hrymailiv – 1918) physicist and inventor, developed use of X-rays for medical imaging.
- Casimir Zeglen (1869 near Tarnopol - 1927), Polish-American engineer, inventor of commercial bulletproof vest
- Serhiy Prytula (born 1981 in Zbarazh), Ukrainian TV show host, political activist, founder of Charity Foundation of Serhiy Prytula
International relations
Ternopil is twinned with:
Sliven, Bulgaria
Yonkers, United States (since 1991)[11]
Elbląg in Poland (since 1992)[12][13]- Chorzów, Poland
Prudentopolis, Brazil
Batumi, Georgia[14]
Former twin towns include:
In June 2021, the Polish city of Tarnów decided to suspend its partnership with Ternopil as a reaction to the naming of a stadium in Ternopil in honour of Roman Shukhevych, one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army responsible for the Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia between 1943–1945.[15]
In June 2022, due to full-scale Russian invasion and missile strikes from the territory of Belarus, Ternopil suspended its partnership with the city of Pinsk.
Festivals
An international open-air music festival called Faine Misto has been held annually near Ternopil for 2–4 days in July since 2013.[16][17]
Notes
References
- (in Ukrainian) Мер Тернополя продає побачення з собою, Ukrayinska Pravda (28 December 2011)
- Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine.
- "Тернопольская городская громада" (in Russian). Портал об'єднаних громад України.
- "2001 | English version | Results | General results of the census | National composition of population". Archived from the original on 2011-12-17.
- "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981–2010". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- "Ternopil, Ukraine Climate Data". Climatebase. Retrieved January 21, 2013.
- Влада Тернополя наполягає на відновленні військових частин на Західній Україні [Ternopil authorities insist on restoration of military units in western Ukraine]. Ukrainian Independent Information Agency (in Ukrainian). 16 April 2014. Archived from the original on 4 February 2016. Retrieved 4 February 2016.
- Yaroslav Padokh,Chubaty, Mykola in the Internet Encyclopedia of Ukraine
- Snitovsky, O. Five centuries of Ternopil. The city of Hetman Jan and mason Leontiy. Ukrinform. 28 August 2015
- Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). pp. 429–430.
- Hodara, Susan (October 26, 2008). "Communities; Cities Find Sisters Abroad". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-26.
- "Elbląg – Podstrony / Miasta partnerskie". Elbląski Dziennik Internetowy (in Polish). Archived from the original on 2011-03-15. Retrieved 2013-08-01.
- "Elbląg – Miasta partnerskie". Elbląg.net (in Polish). Retrieved 2013-08-01.
- "Batumi – Twin Towns & Sister Cities". Batumi City Hall. Archived from the original on 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
- "Tarnów zawiesza współpracę z Tarnopolem" (in Polish). Retrieved 14 September 2021.
- "Faine Misto Festival". www.festivalfinder.eu. European Festivals Association. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
- "ФАЙНЕ МІСТО | ТЕРИТОРІЯ ВІЛЬНИХ ЛЮДЕЙ | Історія" (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 7 April 2021.
Sources
- A. Bresler, Joseph Perl, Warsaw, 1879, passim;
- Allg. Zeit. des Jud. 1839, iii. 606;
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "Tranopol". The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York: Funk & Wagnalls.- J. H. Gurland, Le-Ḳarot ha-Gezerot, p. 22, Odessa, 1892;
- Meyers Konversations-Lexikon
- Orgelbrandt, in Encyklopedia Powszechna, xiv. 409;
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ternopil.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Ternopil.
Look up ternopil in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 429.
- Volodymyr Kubijovyč, Roman Mykolaievych, Ternopil in the Encyclopedia of Ukraine, updated in 2012.
- (in Ukrainian) Ternopil City Council
- (in Ukrainian and English) Ternopil photos
- Ternopil City Sights
- Website about Ternopil
- Historical footage of war damages at Ternopil (1917), filmportal.de
- Ternopil, Ukraine at JewishGen
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