Hetaerina

Hetaerina is a genus of damselflies in the family Calopterygidae. They are commonly known as Rubyspots because of the deep red wing bases of the males.[1] The name is from Ancient Greek: ἑταίρα (hetaira), courtesan. H. rudis, the Guatemalan rubyspot, is considered vulnerable on the IUCN Red Data List.[2]

Hetaerina
American Rubyspot
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Odonata
Suborder: Zygoptera
Family: Calopterygidae
Subfamily: Hetaerininae
Genus: Hetaerina
Hagen in Selys, 1853
H. laesa, male
Southern Amazon, Brazil


The red wing-spots seen on males of most species of Hetaerina (H. titia being a notable exception) are considered to be the result of intrasexual selection. [3]

Taxonomy

The genus contains the following species:[4]

  • Hetaerina amazonica Sjöstedt, 1918
  • Hetaerina americana (Fabricius, 1798) – American Rubyspot[5]
  • Hetaerina auripennis (Burmeister, 1839)
  • Hetaerina aurora Ris, 1918
  • Hetaerina brightwelli (Kirby, 1823)
  • Hetaerina caja (Drury, 1773)
  • Hetaerina calverti (Vega-Sánchez et al., 2020) – Cryptic Rubyspot[5]
  • Hetaerina capitalis Selys, 1873
  • Hetaerina charca Calvert, 1909
  • Hetaerina cruentata (Rambur, 1842)
  • Hetaerina curvicauda Garrison, 1990 – Hook-tipped Rubyspot[6]
  • Hetaerina duplex Selys, 1869
  • Hetaerina erythrokalamus Garrison, 1990
  • Hetaerina flavipennis Garrison, 1990
  • Hetaerina fuscoguttata Selys, 1878
  • Hetaerina gallardi Machet, 1989
  • Hetaerina hebe Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina indeprensa Garrison, 1990
  • Hetaerina infecta Calvert, 1901
  • Hetaerina laesa Hagen in Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina longipes Hagen in Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina majuscula Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina medinai Rácenis, 1968
  • Hetaerina mendezi Jurzitza, 1982
  • Hetaerina miniata Selys, 1879
  • Hetaerina moribunda Hagen in Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina mortua Hagen in Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina occisa Hagen in Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina pilula Calvert, 1901
  • Hetaerina proxima Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina rosea Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina rudis Calvert, 1901 – Guatemalan Rubyspot[2]
  • Hetaerina sanguinea Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina sempronia Hagen in Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina simplex Selys, 1853
  • Hetaerina titia (Drury, 1773) – Smoky Rubyspot[5]
  • Hetaerina vulnerata Hagen in Selys, 1853 – Canyon Rubyspot[5]
  • Hetaerina westfalli Rácenis, 1968

References
  1. Hogue, Charles Leonard (1993). Latin American Insects and Entomology. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-07849-7.
  2. von Ellenrieder, N. & Paulson, D. (2006). "Hetaerina rudis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006: e.T9980A13030436. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T9980A13030436.en. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
  3. Anderson, Christopher N.; Grether, Gregory F. (2010-12-07). "Character displacement in the fighting colours of Hetaerina damselflies". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 277 (1700): 3669–3675. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.0935. ISSN 0962-8452. PMC 2982247. PMID 20591870.
  4. Paulson, D.; Schorr, M.; Abbott, J.; Bota-Sierra, C.; Deliry, C.; Dijkstra, K.-D.; Lozano, F. (2023). "World Odonata List". OdonataCentral, University of Alabama. Retrieved 14 Mar 2023.
  5. "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
  6. von Ellenrieder, N. (2009). "Hetaerina curvicauda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T158938A5294700. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T158938A5294700.en. Retrieved 24 December 2017.
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