Enfield Chase

Enfield Chase is an area of Enfield that is named for a former royal hunting ground. It comprises the majority of the open countryside within the London Borough of Enfield, and land north of the M25 within Hertfordshire. At the time of a survey by Francis Russell in 1776-7, the Chase extended from Monken Hadley in the west to Bulls Cross in the east, and from Potters Bar to Southgate.

For the parcel of land in Maryland, see Belair Mansion (Bowie, Maryland). For the railway station, see Enfield Chase railway station.

Enfield Chase
Enfield Chase is located in Greater London
Enfield Chase
Enfield Chase
Location within Greater London
London borough
Ceremonial countyGreater London
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townENFIELD
Postcode districtEN2
PoliceMetropolitan
FireLondon
AmbulanceLondon
London Assembly
A Plan of Enfield Chase in the County of Middlesex Survey'd by Joel Gascoign, by the order and advice of H. Westlake. Esqr. Survr. A scale of 10 furlongs. 1700.
Map from Hugh Westlake's survey of Enfield Chase in 1700[1]
A Survey and Admeasurement of Enfield Chase in the County of Middlesex by F Russell and Richard Richardson, 1776/77.[2][3]

While parts of the former area of the Chase including at Southgate, Oakwood, and Hadley Wood have been developed, areas that remain undeveloped include Trent Park, Whitewebbs Park, Hadley Common, Fir and Pond Wood near Potters Bar, and the valleys of the Salmons Brook, Turkey Brook, and Merryhills Brook, as well as golf courses at Hadley Wood and Whitewebbs. Remnants of the Chase now within the urban area of London include Chase Green near Enfield Town and Boxer's Lake Open Space in Oakwood.[4]

Etymology

Enfield Chase was recorded as Enefeld Chacee in 1325 and chace of Enefelde in 1373, from the Middle English chace, meaning "a tract of ground for breeding and hunting wild animals".[5]

History

In the reign of Henry II the parish of Edmonton and adjoining parishes were for the most part a forest which was then so extensive that it reached from the City of London to about 12 miles (19 km) north. Enfield Chase was part of this forest and also belonged to the citizens of London.[6]

By 1154 what had been known as the Park of Enfield or Enfield Wood had been converted into a hunting ground, or chase. It appears it was not known as Enfield Chase until the early 14th century, by which time it was referred to as 'Parcus Extrinicus' (Latin, 'the Outer Park') to distinguish it from the older and smaller Enfield Old Park ('Parcus Intrinsicus' ('the Inner Park') which was mentioned in the Domesday Book as a park and was later used for rearing game to be released into the adjacent Chase. [7] [8]

For hundreds of years the chase was owned at first by the Mandeville and then the de Bohun families while local inhabitants of Edmonton and Enfield manors claimed common rights. It is believed that Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth I) often hunted on the Chase after she was granted the estate of West Lodge Park by her brother Edward VI in 1547.[5] In a charter of 1166-89 the hamlet of Southgate, sited around what is now Southgate Underground station, receives a mention. It takes its name from its location at the South Gate of the old hunting ground, later known as Enfield Chase.

By the Act for the Division of Enfield Chase in 1777, the chase ceased to exist as an entity. According to a survey drawn up by the Duchy of Lancaster surveyor Francis Russell, the Chase then covered an area of 8,349 acres (34 km2). According to the map accompanying the Act, the Chase was cut up and divided among the following authorities:[6]

To the King 3,218 acres (13 km2)
To the Lodges 313 acres (1.3 km2)
To the Enfranchised 6 acres (24,000 m2)
To the Manor of Old Ford 36 acres (150,000 m2)
To the Manor of Old Park 30 acres (120,000 m2)
To South Mimms Parish 1,026 acres (4 km2)
To Hadley Parish 240 acres (1.0 km2)
To Enfield Parish 1,732 acres (7 km2)
To Edmonton 1,231 acres (5 km2)
To Tithe Owners 519 acres (2.1 km2)

The Chase after the Division of 1777

Based on the map entitled Survey and Admeasurement of Enfield Chase by Francis Russell in 1776/7, the Chase extended from Monken Hadley in the west to Bulls Cross in the east, and from Potters Bar to Southgate.[9]

In 1777 George III leased the central part of the Chase to Sir Richard Jebb, his favourite doctor, as a reward for saving the life of the King's younger brother, the then Duke of Gloucester. This land later became Trent Park. [10]

The opening of Enfield station on the Great Northern line in 1871 (renamed Enfield Chase station in 1924 to avoid confusion with Enfield Town station) resulted in the first period of sustained housebuilding on former Chase lands. This began with 'artisan's cottages' built along Chase side in the 1880s and accelerated after the opening of new stations at Gordon Hill and Crews Hill in 1910.[11]

The grounds of South Lodge were acquired by developers Laing, who built a new housing estate in the period 1935-1939. Boxers Lake and Lakeside, once part of South Lodge, are the only remaining open spaces. [12] [13]

In 1936-7 Middlesex County Council purchased around 4,000 hectares for inclusion in the Green Belt, which was drawn at the limits of urban development in 1939. Some of the land purchased became golf courses, whilst others, for example at Trent Park, Whitewebbs and Forty Hall, became public parks. The remainder of the Council-owned land was leased to tenant farmers. [14]

Map of part of Enfield Chase in 1897
Part of Enfield Chase in 1897. Trent Park is to the north. South Lodge (one of the three Enfield Chase Keeper's lodges) was redeveloped for housing in 1936-9. Eastpole Farm was demolished to allow the construction of the Piccadilly Line. To the east beyond World's End, the site of the former Old Park Keeper's lodge is visible, surrounded by a moat. Reproduced with the permission of the National Library of Scotland https://maps.nls.uk/index.html

The Enfield Chase Restoration Project

The Chase was extensively deforested after the Act, and only a small amount of the original forest remains, although some areas have been replanted. In what is London’s largest reforestation project, Thames21 is working in partnership with Enfield Council to restore 60 hectares in the Salmons Brook catchment, part of the greater River Lea catchment. [15]

Designation as an Area of Special Character

The Enfield Chase Heritage Area of Special Character (AoSC) was designated in 1994, following the recommendation of the Countryside Commission, English Nature, English Heritage and the London Ecology Unit, based on its combined landscape, historical and nature conservation interests. The AoSC is divided into a number of 'character areas' including the Salmons Brook Valley, the Turkey Brook Valley, the Merryhills Brook Valley, Clay Hill, the Theobalds Estate South, Whitewebbs and Forty Hall, Hornbeam Hills South (adjoining Hadley Wood) and Trent Park. The AoSC was designated in order to protect the existing character of Enfield Chase as an area comprising woodlands, streams, designed parklands and enclosed farmland.[16]

The Enfield Development Management Policies Development Plan Document (a statutory planning document), adopted in 2014, states in policy DMD84 that "new development within the Areas of Special Character will only be permitted if features or characteristics which are key to maintaining the character of the area are preserved or enhanced."[17]

See also

References and sources
References
  1. Pam, David. (1984) The Story of Enfield Chase. Enfield: Enfield Preservation Society. p. 98. ISBN 0907318037
  2. Dalling, Graham. (1996) Southgate and Edmonton Past: A Study in Divergence. London: Historical Publications. p. 16. ISBN 0948667346.
  3. 1 item extracted from DL 41/1221 (formerly DL 41/96/26). 'A survey and Admeasurement of... National Archives. Retrieved 21 January 2019.
  4. "Boxer's Lake Open Space". London Gardens Online.
  5. Mills, A. D. (2010). A dictionary of London place-names (2nd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199566785.
  6. Pam, D. O. (1984). The story of Enfield Chase. Enfield: Enfield Preservation Society. ISBN 978-0907318033.
  7. Haigh, Douglas, Old Park in the Manor of Enfield, London 1977
  8. Baggs, A P; Bolton, Diane K; Scarff, Eileen P; Tyack, G C (1976), "Enfield: Growth before 1850, Volume 5, Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham, ed. T F T Baker and R B Pugh", www.british-history.ac.uk, London: British History Online, pp. 212–218
  9. Ford, Edward (1873). A history of Enfield; the church history by G.H. Hodson and the general history by E. Ford. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
  10. Mitellas, Alan, A Concise History of Trent Country Park, https://friendsoftrentcountrypark.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/History_of_Trent_Country_Park_version_3___Revised_June_2015.pdf]
  11. A P Baggs, Diane K Bolton, Eileen P Scarff and G C Tyack, 'Enfield: Growth after 1850', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5, Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham, ed. T F T Baker and R B Pugh (London, 1976), pp. 218-224. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol5/pp218-224 [accessed 3 March 2023].
  12. A P Baggs, Diane K Bolton, Eileen P Scarff and G C Tyack, 'Enfield: Growth after 1850', in A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 5, Hendon, Kingsbury, Great Stanmore, Little Stanmore, Edmonton Enfield, Monken Hadley, South Mimms, Tottenham, ed. T F T Baker and R B Pugh (London, 1976), pp. 218-224. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/middx/vol5/pp218-224 [accessed 3 March 2023].
  13. Mullen, Michael Ann, Gardening on the Laing South Lodge Estate https://londongardenstrust.org/publications/enfield/4%20mam%20south%20lodge.pdf
  14. Paine, M (2022), A History of Enfield Chase from its Origins to the Present Day, The Enfield Society
  15. "Trees for rivers: A new woodland for London".
  16. "Enfield Local Plan" (PDF). Enfield Council. 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
  17. "Development Management Document" (PDF). www.enfield.gov.uk. Enfield Council. 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2023.
Sources

Media related to Enfield Chase at Wikimedia Commons

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