CEERS-93316

CEERS-93316 is a candidate high-redshift galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 16.4,[1] corresponding to 236 million years after the Big Bang.[4][5] If confirmed, it would be one of the earliest and most distant known galaxies observed.[1][6][7][8]

CEERS-93316
CEERS-93316[1]
Location of the CEERS-93316 galaxy is in the upper just right-of-center area of the Boötes constellation.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationBoötes[1][2]
Right ascension14h 19m 39.48s[1]
Declination52° 56′ 34.92″[1]
Redshift16.39+0.32
−0.22[1]
16.25+0.24
−0.46[3]
Distance
Other designations
CR2-z16-1[3]

CEERS-93316 would have a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.7 billion years, and, due to the expansion of the universe, a present proper distance of 34.9 billion light-years.[4]

Discovery

The candidate high-redshift galaxy CEERS-93316 (RA:14:19:39.48 DEC:+52:56:34.92), in the Boötes constellation,[1][2] was discovered by the CEERS imaging observing program using the Near Infrared Camera of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in July 2022.[1][6][7][8] CEERS stands for "Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey", and is a deep- and wide-field sky survey program developed specifically for JWST image studies, and is conducted by the CEERS Collaboration.[7][8][9] The galaxy's redshift was initially reported as z = 16.7[6][7] before it was revised down to z = 16.4 in October 2022.[1]

According to astronomer Dr. Rebecca Bowler, a co-author of the discovery study, “Finding a z = 16.7 [sic] galaxy candidate is an amazing feeling – it wasn’t something we were expecting from the early data ... After the Big Bang the Universe entered a period known as the dark ages, a time before any stars had been born ... The observations of [CEERS-93316] push observations back to the time when we think the first galaxies ever to exist were being formed. Already we’ve found more galaxies in the very early Universe than computer simulations predicted, so there is clearly a lot of open questions about how and when the first stars and galaxies formed.”[7]

Distance

Only a photometric redshift has been determined for CEERS-93316; follow-up spectroscopic measurements will be required to confirm the redshift (see spectroscopic redshift). Spectroscopy could also determine the chemical composition, size and temperature of the galaxy.[8][9]

Its existence in the early universe indicates that it is composed primarily of dust as well as stars, most likely population III, which are very young and massive. It is also in the star formation phase.[1]

Earliest galaxy candidate (at z=16.4) and the History of the Universe (logarithmic scale; 7 August 2022)
[Compare: Nature timeline - History of the Universe (linear scale)]

See also

References
  1. Donnan, C. T.; et al. (November 2022). "The evolution of the galaxy UV luminosity function at redshifts z ≃ 8 - 15 from deep JWST and ground-based near-infrared imaging". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 518 (4): 6011–6040. arXiv:2207.12356. Bibcode:2023MNRAS.518.6011D. doi:10.1093/mnras/stac3472.
  2. Staff (2008). "Finding the constellation which contains given sky coordinates". DJM.cc. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  3. Harikane, Yuichi; et al. (2023). "A Comprehensive Study of Galaxies at z ∼ 9–16 Found in the Early JWST Data: Ultraviolet Luminosity Functions and Cosmic Star Formation History at the Pre-reionization Epoch". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 265 (1): 5. arXiv:2208.01612. Bibcode:2023ApJS..265....5H. doi:10.3847/1538-4365/acaaa9. S2CID 251253150.
  4. Wright, Edward L. (2022). "Ned Wright's Javascript Cosmolgy Calculator". University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved 24 November 2022. (H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at "Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" )
  5. Planck Collaboration (2020). "Planck 2018 results. VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 641. page A6 (see PDF page 15, Table 2: "Age/Gyr", last column). arXiv:1807.06209. Bibcode:2020A&A...641A...6P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. S2CID 119335614.
  6. Amos, Jonathan (26 July 2022). "Scottish astronomers push James Webb deeper back in time". BBC News. Retrieved 4 August 2022.
  7. Tognetti, Laurence (2 August 2022). "The record for the farthest galaxy was just broken again, now just 250 million years after the Big Bang". Universe Today. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  8. Turner, Ben (1 August 2022). "Webb space telescope has just imaged another most-distant galaxy, breaking its record after a week". Live Science. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  9. Clery, Daniel (9 August 2022). "Webb telescope reveals unpredicted bounty of bright galaxies in early universe - Star formation after the big bang appears much faster than models had forecast". Science. doi:10.1126/science.ade3381. Retrieved 11 August 2022.

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