Brazilian diaspora

The Brazilian diaspora is the migration of Brazilians to other countries, a mostly recent phenomenon that has been driven mainly by economic recession and hyperinflation that afflicted Brazil in the 1980s and early 1990s, and since 2014, by the political and economic crisis that culminated in the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff in 2016 and the election of Jair Bolsonaro in 2018, in addition to chronic violence in Brazilian urban centers.[20][21][22]

Brazilian diaspora
Diaspora brasileira
Flag of Brazil
Total population
4.2 million (2020)[1]: 4 
Regions with significant populations
 United States1,775,000 (2020)[1]
 Portugal276,200 (2020)[1]
 Paraguay240,000
 United Kingdom220,000
 Japan207,081 (2022)[2]
 Spain156,439 (2020)[1]
 Germany144,120 (2020)[1]
 Canada121,950 (2020)[1]
 Argentina89,020 (2020)[1]
 France81,400 (2020)[1]
 Switzerland75,800 (2020)[1]
 French Guiana72,300 (2020)[1]
 Australia56,610 (2020)[1]
 Italy50,666[3]
 Ireland50,000 (2020)[1]
 Mexico45,000
 Uruguay43,412 (2020)[1]
 Belgium40,000 (2020)[1]
 Bolivia39,258 (2020)[1]
 Netherlands32,252 (2020)[1]
 Suriname30,000 (2020)[1]
 Lebanon21,000 (2020)[1]
 Chile20,370[4]
 Colombia18,071 (2020)[1]
 Sweden16,814 (2020)[1]
 Guyana15,800 (2020)[1]
 Bangladesh15,115[4]
 Israel15,000 (2020)[1]
 Angola15,000
Other countries combined130,000
Languages
Portuguese (99.7%)[5]
Indigenous languages (0.082%)[6]
German (2.06%)[7][5]
Venetian (1.69%)[5][8]
Polish (0.27%)[9][10][11]
Ukrainian (0.12%)[11][12]
Dutch (0.041%)[11][5]
Spanish (0.197%)[5]
French (0.1457%)[11]
Lithuanian (0.04%)[11]
Norwegian (0.027%)[11]
Russian (0.02%)[13]
Vlax Romani and Northern Romani (0.26%)[14]
North Levantine spoken Arabic and Turoyo (Aramaic) (0.059%)[5]
Chinese (0.21%)[5]
Korean (0.0396%)[5]
Japanese (0.13%)[11]
Yiddish (0.038%)[5]
Hebrew (0.044%)
English (0.2007%)[15][16][17][18][19]
Religion
Primarily Catholic Church (including Latin Church, Oriental Catholic Churches, Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church) Protestantism (including Baptists, Presbyterianism, Methodism, Pentecostalism, Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil, Lutheranism), Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, Russian Orthodox Church, Polish Orthodox Church, Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Serbian Orthodox Church, Syriac Orthodox Church, Coptic Orthodox Church, Armenian Apostolic Church, Spiritism, Afro-Brazilian religions (including Umbanda, Candomblé, Tambor de Mina, Batuque, Shango), Irreligion, Buddhism (including Sōtō, Nichiren Buddhism, Soka Gakkai, Honmon Butsuryū-shū, Jōdo Shinshū, Nichiren-shū, Shingon Buddhism, Tendai, Nichiren Shōshū, Zen, Fo Guang Shan, Theravada, Nyingma, Gelug, Sakya, Kagyu), Judaism (including Orthodox Judaism, Conservative Judaism, Reform Judaism, Messianic Judaism), Islam (including Sunni Islam, Shia Islam), Esotericism, Spiritualism, Santo Daime, União do Vegetal, Bahá’í Faith, Wicca, Hinduism (including International Society of Krishna Consciousness, Brahma Kumaris, Ananda Marga), Japanese new religions (including Oomoto, PL Kyodan, Seicho-no-Ie, Church of World Messianity)
Related ethnic groups
Tupi people, Gê peoples, Guaraní people, Shona people, Ambundu, Kongo people, Yoruba people, Igbo people, Fon people, Hausa people, Fula people, Portuguese people, Spaniards, Italians, French people, Swiss people, Luxembourgers, Belgians, Dutch people, Germans, Austrians, English people, Scottish people, Welsh people, Irish people, North Germanic peoples, Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Bulgarians, Croats, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Russians, Hungarians, Romanians, Finnish people, Estonians, Latvians, Lithuanians, Greeks, Ashkenazi Jews, Sephardi Jews, Mizrahi Jews, Lebanese people, Egyptians, Syrians, Armenians, Iranian peoples, Georgians, Japanese people, Han Chinese, Koreans, Indians, Bolivians, Argentines, Uruguayans, Colombians, Angolans, Senegalese people, Paraguayans, Chileans, Haitians, Surinamese people, Jamaicans, Barbadians, Palestinians, Afghans, Vietnamese people, Pakistanis, Filipinos, Americans, Macanese people, Bengalis, Gypsies

Demographics
Brazilian Day celebration in New York City

There are an estimated 4,2 million Brazilians living abroad,[1]: 4  mainly in the U.S. (1,775,000),[23] Paraguay (240,000), Portugal (276,000), United Kingdom (220,000), Japan (207,081),[2] Spain (156,000), Germany (144,000) and Canada (121,950).

United States
Main article: Brazilian Americans

There were an estimated 246,000 Brazilian Americans as of 2007.[24] Another source gives an estimate of some 800,000 Brazilians living in the U.S. in 2000,[25] while still another estimates that as of 2008 some 1,100,000 Brazilians live in the United States, 300,000 of them in Florida.[26] Major concentrations are in Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Florida, Wisconsin, and California.

West 46th Street has historically been a commercial center for Brazilians living or visiting New York City. In 1995 the city officially recognized it as "Little Brazil Street".

In Massachusetts, there is a very small but significant concentration of Brazilian immigrants in the town of Framingham, which in recent years has spilt out into the neighboring towns of Marlborough and Hudson, among others. In the Brazilian community, it is said that Pompano Beach in Florida has the greatest concentration of Brazilians in the USA. The Brazilian communities in these towns are vibrant, having contributed much to the local cuisine and culture, but Brazilian immigrants often feel discriminated against and are often thought to be illegal immigrants by their non-Brazilian neighbors.[27]

A disproportionate number of Brazilians who have emigrated to the US came from the town of Governador Valadares, in the state of Minas Gerais.

United Kingdom
Main article: Brazilians in the United Kingdom

There are no precise figures for the number of Brazilians living in the UK.[28] The 1991 Census recorded 9,301 Brazilian-born people in the UK,[28] and the 2001 Census recorded 15,215.[29] In 2004, the Brazilian Consulate in London recorded 13,000 Brazilians who had voluntarily registered themselves with them, but said this was not an accurate figure for the number living in the UK; the Brazilian Embassy estimated that figure to be about 80,000.[28] The Office for National Statistics estimates suggest that there were 56,000 Brazilian-born people resident in the UK in 2008.[30] In 2015, the Brazilian Consulate estimated a total of 120,000 Brazilians resident in the UK.[31] The ONS estimated that in 2018, 87,000 people born in Brazil were living in the UK.[32]

Japan
Main article: Brazilians in Japan

The majority of Brazilians living in Japan are of Japanese descent, and they Immigration Act was altered to allow children and grandchildren of Japanese nationals, as well as their non-Japanese spouse, to receive a work permit easily. Most of them live in industrial areas where there used to be a plenty of job offers at factories, such as Aichi, Shizuoka and Gunma Prefectures, among others. While approximately 300,000 Brazilians lived there at its climax, the economic crisis in 2008 slashed their job and more than a third of them have decided to return to Brazil.

Canada
Main article: Brazilian Canadian

There are an estimated 122,000 Brazilians living in Canada.[33] Major concentrations are in Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary.

Germany
Main article: Brazilians in Germany

France
Main article: Brazilians in France

Portugal
Main article: Brazilians in Portugal

Portugal is another important destination for Brazilians, owing to a common language and given the fact that a significant number of Brazilians already hold Portuguese citizenship (particularly after Portugal modified its nationality law to be able to bestow it upon any grandchild of a verified Portuguese citizen). Cultural similarities are abundant and the Portuguese are fairly acquainted with Brazilian pop culture. Approximately a fourth of all foreigners currently residing in Portugal are Brazilian citizens.

Paraguay

Brazilians and their descendants living in Paraguay are called Brasiguayos. This numerous community of landowners is mainly involved in agriculture.

Mexico
Main article: Brazilian immigration to Mexico

Australia
Main article: Brazilian Australians

Angola
Main article: Brazilians in Angola

Organizations

Statistics
Brazilian Diaspora per Consulate in 2020[1]
Place Consulate Country Population
1 Boston  United States 360,000
2 New York City  United States 450,000
3 Miami  United States 410,000
4 Ciudad del Este  Paraguay 98,000
5 Paris  France 81,300
6 London  United Kingdom 220,000
7 Los Angeles  United States 120,000
8 Atlanta  United States 110,000
9 Nagoya  Japan 122,448
10 Houston  United States 90,000
11 Hartford  United States 80,000
12 Lisbon  Portugal 180,000
13 San Francisco  United States 65,000
14 Chicago  United States 45,000
15 Milan  Italy 91,000
16 Tokyo  Japan 57,537
17 Zurich  Switzerland 37,000
18 Madrid  Spain 82,799
19 Brussels  Belgium 32,000
20 Asunción  Paraguay 35,000
21 Buenos Aires  Argentina 80,000
22 Salto do Guairá  Paraguay 30,000
23 Cayenne  French Guiana 70,000
24 Munich  Germany 51,000
25 Washington D.C.  United States 45,000
26 Barcelona  Spain 73,640
27 Berlin  Germany 45,000
28 Porto  Portugal 70,000
29 Geneve  Switzerland 38,700
30 Encarnación  Paraguay 30,000
31 Hamamatsu  Japan 31,153
32 Sydney  Australia 38,340
33 Bogotá  Colombia 4,071
34 Amsterdam  Netherlands 32,252
35 Toronto  Canada 90,000
36 Faro  Portugal 26,200
37 Rome  Italy 70,000
38 Dublin  Ireland 50,000
39 Frankfurt  Germany 48,120
40 Beirut  Lebanon 21,000
41 Luanda  Angola 15,000
42 Georgetown  Guyana 15,000
43 Paramaribo  Suriname 30,000
44 Mexico City  Mexico 45,000
45 Leticia  Colombia 14,000
46 Santa Cruz de la Sierra  Bolivia 25,000
47 Caracas  Venezuela 11,800
48 Montreal  Canada 12,000
49 Canberra  Australia 18,270
50 Pedro Juan Caballero  Paraguay 40,000
51 Santiago  Chile 18,185
52 Tel Aviv  Israel 15,000
54 Abu Dhabi  United Arab Emirates 5,500
55 Vancouver  Canada 15,000
56 ShanghaI  China 2,083
57 Oslo  Norway 10,858
58 Cohcabamba  Bolivia 6,500
59 Guangzhou  China 2,500
60 Montevideo  Uruguay 13,000
61 Stockholm  Sweden 16,814
62 Maputo  Mozambique 3,500
63 Wellington  New Zealand 6,663
64 Ramallah  Palestine 6,000
65 Vienna  Austria 10,000
66 Saint-Georges  French Guiana 2,300
67 Cobija  Bolivia 4,000
68 Concepción  Paraguay 7,000
69 Athens  Greece 5,000
70 Copenhagen  Denmark 4,599
71 Lima  Peru 2,702
72 Quito  Ecuador 3,000
73 Rio Branco  Uruguay 2,612
74 Cordoba  Argentina 5,000
76 Amman  Jordan 2,650
78 La Paz  Bolivia 2,600
79 Artigas  Uruguay 22,400
80 Pretoria  South Africa 2,700
81 Ottawa  Canada 4,950
82 Warsaw  Poland 3,000
83 Mendoza  Argentina 800
84 Puerto Iguazu  Argentina 1,720
85 Seoul  South Korea 1,088
86 Santo Domigno  Dominican Republic 500
87 Doha  Qatar 1,968
88 Iquitos  Peru 291
89 Panama City  Panama 4,500
90 Singapore  Singapore 1,500
91 Moscow  Russia 1,100
92 Taipei  Taiwan 264
93 Chuy  Uruguay 900
94 Beijing  China 4,823
95 Helsinki  Finland 2,500
96 San Jose  Costa Rica 1,500
97 Budapest  Hungary 800
98 Hong Kong  Hong Kong 700
99 Havana  Cuba 179
100 Riyadh  Saudi Arabia 650
101 Prague  Czech Republic 1,053
102 Bissau  Guinea-Bissau 569
103 Lethem  Guyana 800
105 Kuala Lumpur  Malaysia 400
106 San Salvador  El Salvador 500
107 Jakarta  Indonesia 1,000
108 Guatemala City  Guatemala 550
109 Managua  Nicaragua 300
110 Muscat  Oman 400
111 Cairo  Egypt 675
112 Malabo  Equatorial Guinea 58
113 Cape Town  South Africa 1,050
114 Guayaramerín  Bolivia 1,158
115 Port-au-Prince  Haiti 90
116 Mumbai  India 260
117 Kuwait City  Kuwait 300
118 Istanbul  Turkey 750
119 Tegucigalpa  Honduras 336
120 Rivera  Uruguay 4,500
121 Bangkok  Thailand 315
122 Kingston  Jamaica 60
123 Brazzaville  Republic of the Congo 32
124 Rabat  Morocco 311
125 Accra  Ghana 240
126 Manila  Philippines 385
127 New Delhi  India 600
128 Zagreb  Croatia 300
129 Belgrade  Serbia 259
130 Abidjan  Ivory Coast 100
131 Windhoek  Namibia 120
132 Bratislava  Slovakia 430
133 Paso de Los Libres  Argentina 1,500
134 Ljubljana  Slovenia 299
135 Nicosia  Cyprus 230
136 Nassau  Bahamas 200
137 Nairobi  Kenya 280
138 Dili  Timor-Leste 123
139 Lagos  Nigeria 180
140 Ankara  Turkey 300
141 Tehran  Iran 116
142 Kinshasa  Democratic Republic of the Congo 100
143 Bucharest  Romania 425
144 Dakar  Senegal 250
145 Dar es Salam  Tanzania 70
146 Hanoi  Vietnam 333
147 Kyiv  Ukraine 422
148 Tunis  Tunisia 70
149 Yaounde  Cameroon 60
150 Sao Tome  São Tomé and Príncipe 106
151 Praia  Cape Verde 300
152 Tirana  Albania 120
153 Bridgetown  Barbados 35
154 Sofia  Bulgaria 76
155 Tallinn  Estonia 414
156 Ouagadougou  Burkina Faso 50
157 Astana  Kazakhstan 104
158 Islamabad  Pakistan 40
159 Belmopan  Belize 55
160 Baku  Azerbaijan 70
161 Algiers  Algeria 54
162 Libreville  Gabon 73
163 Tbilisi  Georgia 60
164 Katmandu    Nepal 60
165 Conakry  Guinea 34
166 Lilongwe  Malawi 30
167 Lome  Togo 40
168 Dhaka  Bangladesh 14
169 Addis Ababa  Ethiopia 50
170 Colombo  Sri Lanka 34
171 Sarajevo  Bosnia and Herzegovina 50
172 Yangoon  Myanmar 36
173 Lusaka  Zambia 100
174 Gaborone  Botswana 20
175 Cotonou  Benin 50
176 Bamako  Mali 29
177 Baghdad  Iraq 80
179 Castries  Saint Lucia 16
180 Minsk  Belarus 57
181 Yerevan  Armenia 30
182 Vatican City   Vatican City 10
183 Kingstown  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 60
185 Nouakchott  Mauritania 8
Total 4,215,800[1]: 4 

References
  1. "Comunidade Brasileira no Exterior - Estimativas referentes ao ano de 2020" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Ministry of External Relations (Brazil). 14 September 2020. pp. 5–10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 24 February 2021. (introduction)
  2. Immigration Services Agency of Japan (出入国在留管理庁) (2022-10-14). 令和４年６月末現在における在留外国人数について. Ministry of Justice (Japan) (in Japanese). Archived from the original on 2022-10-14. Retrieved 2022-10-18.
  3. "Brasiliani in Italia - statistiche e distribuzione per regione". Tuttitalia.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2022-06-07.
  4. "Brasil - Emigrantes totais 2019".
  5. "Brazil". Ethnologue. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  6. "Brasil possui 5 línguas indígenas com mais de 10 mil falantes-Fonte: Agência Brasil". ebc. 2014-12-11. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  7. "Hunsrick". Ethnologue. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  8. "Venetian or Talian". Ethnologue. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  9. Costa, Luciane Trennephol da; Gielinski, Márcia Inês (17 August 2014). "DETALHES FONÉTICOS DO POLONÊS FALADO EM MALLET". Revista (Con)textos Linguísticos. 8 (10): 159–174 – via periodicos.ufes.br.
  10. Delong, Silvia Regina; Kersch, Dorotea Frank (17 September 2014). "Perfil de descendentes de poloneses residentes no sul do Brasil: a constituição da(s) identidade(s)". Domínios de Lingu@gem. 8 (3): 65–85. doi:10.14393/DLesp-v8n3a2014-5.
  11. "O panorama lingüístico brasileiro: a coexistência de línguas minoritárias com o português" (PDF).
  12. Oksana Boruszenko and Rev. Danyil Kozlinsky (1994). Ukrainians in Brazil (Chapter), in Ukraine and Ukrainians Throughout the World, edited by Ann Lencyk Pawliczko, University of Toronto Press: Toronto, pp. 443–454
  13. "E o terceiro fluxo, entre 1949 e 1965, quando chegaram ao Brasil aproximadamente 25 mil russos refugiados da revolução cultural chinesa". noticias.terra.com.br. 2015-06-13. Retrieved 2016-05-05.
  14. "Vlax Romani in Brazil". Ethnologue. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  15. Freyre, Gilberto (2000). Ingleses no Brasil: aspectos da influência britânica sobre a vida, a paisagem e a cultura do Brasil (in Portuguese). Topbook. ISBN 9788574750231.
  16. "Ingleses no Brasil do século XIX". livrariacultura. Retrieved 10 April 2016.
  17. Harter, Eugene C. (2000). The Lost Colony of the Confederacy. Texas A & M University Press. p. 44. ISBN 978-1585441020.
  18. "Edwin S. James research materials". University of South Carolina. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
  19. "MCMULLAN, FRANCIS". Texas State Historical Association. 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
  20. Batista, Henrique Gomes (11 June 2017). "Crise e violência levam brasileiros a se mudar para o Canadá". O Globo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  21. Perez, Fabíola (21 August 2015). "O êxodo dos brasileiros". IstoÉ (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  22. Veiga, Edison (13 December 2021). "Brasil vive o maior êxodo de sua história". Deutsche Welle (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 14 December 2021.
  23. U.S. Census Bureau, American FactFinder Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today
  24. "United States - Selected Population Profile in the United States (Brazilian (360-364))". 2007 American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2008-12-15.
  25. "Brazilian Immigrant Women in the Boston area: Negotiation of Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Class and Nation". Archived from the original on 28 January 2010.
  26. "Imigrante brasileiro espera anistia de sucessor de Bush - 01/11/2008 - UOL Eleição americana 2008". Noticias.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2012-08-13.
  27. The Massachusetts Legal Services Diversity Coalition (2004). "Brazilian Immigration". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 7 November 2012.
  28. Burton, Guy (July 2004). "It's tough being Brazilian in the UK". Brazzil. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  29. "Country-of-birth database". Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  30. "Table 1.3: Estimated population resident in the United Kingdom, by foreign country of birth, 60 most common countries of birth, January 2008 to December 2008". Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 5 April 2010. Figure given is central estimate. See the source for 95 per cent confidence intervals.
  31. "Brasileiros no Mundo - Estimativas" [Brazilians Around The World - Estimations] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Ministry of External Relations. 2015-03-28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-07-31. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  32. "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom, excluding some residents in communal establishments, by sex, by country of birth, January 2018 to December 2018". Office for National Statistics. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 15 August 2019. Figure given is the central estimate. See the source for 95% confidence intervals.
  33. "Canada's 2011 National Household Survey: Data tables". Statistics Canada. 8 May 2013. Retrieved 1 January 2015.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.