Anija Parish

Anija Parish is a rural municipality in the eastern part of Harju County, Estonia.

Anija Parish
Anija vald
Municipality of Estonia
Kehra pulp and paper mill
Aegviidu train station
Kehra train station
Koitjärve Bog
Venejärv
Nelijärve
Jägala river in Kehra
Flag of Anija Parish
Flag
Coat of arms of Anija Parish
Coat of arms
Anija Parish within Harju County.
Anija Parish within Harju County.
Country Estonia
County Harju County
First establishedLate 1866
Rural CouncilAutumn 1945
ReestablishedJanuary 16, 1992
Named forAnija village
Administrative centreKehra
Government
 • MayorRiivo Noor
Area
 • Total532.91 km2 (205.76 sq mi)
Highest elevation
[1] (Määrasmägi, Vetla)
104.4 m (342.5 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Partsaare village)
35.5 m (116.5 ft)
Population
 (01.01.2023)[2]
 • Total6,431
 • Density12/km2 (31/sq mi)
Ethnicity (2021)
[3]
 • estonians72.3%
 • russians18.7%
 • other9.0%
ISO 3166 codeEE-141
Websiteanija.ee

The administrative center of the parish is the town of Kehra, while Aegviidu borough and Alavere village are also notable. In total, the parish consists of 33 settlements.

As of January 1, 2023, the parish had a population of 6431 people.

Early History

According to the Danish Census Book of 1241, the western part of the modern Anija Parish was split between the Ancient-Estonian counties of Revala and Harju.

More specifically the northern parts of the modern parish were located in the ancient Jõelähtme parish of Revala county and included the villages of Aavere, Anija, Kõlu, Soodla, Kihmla, Pirsu, Kehra village, and Parila.[4] Kaersoo, which is also mentioned in the book, was divided between the modern Sambu and Salumäe villages in 1977.[5] It is speculated that some parts of the modern Linnakse were once a part of the relatively large ancient village of Saintakæ, which eventually became the modern Raasiku.[6][7]

Also according to the book, the southern parts of the modern parish were located in the ancient Kose parish of Harju county and included the villages of Pikva, Rooküla, Kaivere, Alavere, Mõisaaseme, Rasivere, and Voose.[4] Kiviloo, whose historic center is located in the modern village of Lükati, is also mentioned.[8]

The south-eastern part of the parish has historically been a part of Ambla parish of Järva county, while the north-eastern part of the parish was a part of Kuusalu parish, both being sparsely populated. There have been several historic settlements on the lands of modern Pillapalu and Aegviidu, including Kosenõmme, Rekka, Kaikvõhma, Koolma, Koonukõrve, and Laudisalu, all of which were mentioned in 1379 as belonging to the Lehtse Manor.[9] The historic Koitjärve, first mentioned in 1518, is located on the lands of modern Pillapalu.[10]

History

Russian Empire

Anija Parish was formed as a result of the Baltic Parish Law, signed by Alexander II of Russia on March 3, 1866 [O.S. February 19, 1866], and in force since October 13, 1866 [O.S. October 1, 1866]. The law was a part of reforms that were aimed at curbing the powers of local feudal lords, and led the way to Estonian independence in 1918. The parish was formed on the grounds of Harju-Jaani Parish after the law came into force.[11][12][13]

Kehra Parish, which was also formed in 1866, became a part of Anija Parish in 1890.[14] Haljava and Paasiku Parishes became a part of Anija Parish in 1890 and 1891, respectively, but were transferred to Raasiku Parish on June 20, 1898.[15][16][17]

Interwar Period

Based on the differences between Estonian parish maps of 1922 and 1938, Anija Parish gained most of modern Härmakosu village from Kiiu and Kolga Parishes, gained approximately half of Koitjärve bog and some other areas north of the Piibe road from Kolga Parish, lost a small sliver of forested area all along its border with Lehtse Parish to Lehtse Parish, gained most of the former Alavere Parish north of Alavere and Arava villages, while the southern areas (most of Rasivere and Vetla) became a part of Ravila Parish and most of Rooküla became a part of Peningi Parish, gained a small part of modern Lükati from Peningi Parish, gained most of modern Salumetsa and Paasiku villages from Raasiku Parish, while also losing Aavere and a small part of Anija village to Raasiku Parish, and gained small parts of modern Partsaare and Soodla villages from Jõelähtme and Kodasu Parishes, respectively.[18]

Soviet Occupation

Anija, Kehra, and Pikva Rural Councils were created on the lands of the parish in 1945, while the parish itself was finally abolished in 1950. Kehra and Pikva Rural Councils became a part of Anija Rural Council in 1954.[19][20] Based on the differences between the borders of Anija Rural Council in 1959 and Anija Parish in 1938, Anija Rural Council lost most of Paartsaare, Soodla, and Härmakosu villages to Kuusalu Rural council, lost most of the areas previously gained from Kolga Parish to Kolga Rural Council, lost the parts south of Pikva to Alavere Rural Council, gained parts of Kiviloo and Lükati villages either from Raasiku or Pikavere Rural Councils, and gained small parts of Parila, Salumetsa, Anija, and Aavere villages from Raasiku Rural Council.[18]

Aegviidu Rural Council was created in the northern part of the preceding Lehtse Parish in 1945, consisting of modern Mustjõe, Pillapalu, and Aegviidu (except Rehessaare bog) settlements, and small parts of modern Vikipalu, Mägede, Koitjärve, and Kolgu settlements, which were mostly gained from other parishes than Lehtse.[18] Aegviidu Rural Council became a part of Anija Rural Council in 1963, and thus also became a part of the Harju region, previously being part of the Järva region.[18][21]

Some western parts of Vohnja Rural Council became a part of Anija Rural Council in December 1963, but already by 1979, were a part of Kuusalu Rural Council instead.[22] Based on the differences between the borders of Anija and Aegviidu Rural Councils in 1959 and 1979, Anija Rural Council, most likely in 1976,[23] gained most of the areas east of modern Soodla reservoir and south of Soodla river from Kolga and Kõnnu Rural Councils, regained the parts previously lost to Kuusalu Rural Council, gained Aavere, Kihmla, Salumäe, Parila, and most of Linnakse village and lost the previously gained part of Kiviloo village to Raasiku Rural Council, lost the previously gained parts of Lükati and Pikva villages to Kose Rural Council, and lost the previously gained part of Mägede to Albu Rural Council, but gained Rehessaare bog south of Aegviidu.[18]

Based on the differences between the borders of Anija Rural Council in 1979 and 1989, Anija Rural Council lost the borough of Kehra, gained small area north of Soodla reservoir from Kuusalu Rural Council, which it lost again in the 1990s, and gained the northern part of Kose Rural Council, including the modern Alavere, Arava, Lükati, Pikva, Rasivere, Rooküla, Uuearu, Vetla, and Voose villages.[18]

Modern Period

After the soviet occupation of Estonia ended, Anija parish was re-established on January 16, 1992 in the borders of the preceding Anija Rural Council.[24] The town of Kehra became a part of the parish on December 2, 2002[25][26] and the borough of Aegviidu on October 21, 2017.[27]

Nature

Around half of the area of the parish is forested, while bodies of water account for about 3% of the area. The parish is home to the reservoirs of Soodla, Raudoja, Aavoja, and Kaunissaare, which belong to the Tallinn water supply system. Jägala River, along with its tributaries of Soodla, Aavoja, Mustjõgi, Jõelähtme, Jänijõgi, and Tarvasjõgi, flow through the parish.[28]

The southeastern corner of the hilly Aegviidu is home to the popular Nelijärve lakes, while many other lakes dot the landscape east of Aegviidu on the lands of the Põhja-Kõrvemaa Nature Reserve and Jäneda village, with Kivijärv, Venejärv, Ännijärv, and Aegviidu blue springs among them.[29] The Kaunismaa area in Kuusemäe village, between Kehra and Anija, is home to a collection of small lakes.[30] Mustjõe village is home to a large, flooded quarry, that operated between 1985 and 1992. The material extracted from the quarry was used for the construction of the second track of the Tallinn-Tapa railway.[31]

The Põhja-Kõrvemaa, Soodla, Voose, and Aegviidu areas are notable for their naturally hilly landscape.[28] Ülejõe village is home to a large ash mountain (Estonian: tuhamägi), made of the manufacturing leftovers of Kehra pulp and paper mill and general garbage.[32]

Demographics
Population census[33]
Settlement 2000 2011 2021
Aavere 21 12 13
Aegviidu - - 674
Alavere 432 339 347
Anija 125 117 92
Arava 50 48 38
Härmakosu 76 58 46
Kaunissaare 76 79 83
Kehra town - 2889 2759
Kehra village 35 42 29
Kihmla 34 31 28
Kuusemäe 32 28 26
Lehtmetsa 801 719 707
Lilli 136 97 82
Linnakse 65 73 58
Looküla 59 43 46
Lükati 68 65 53
Mustjõe 16 28 30
Paasiku 40 33 38
Parila 56 51 76
Partsaare 18 24 17
Pikva 104 93 101
Pillapalu 109 82 93
Rasivere 59 40 45
Raudoja 40 62 59
Rooküla 77 93 75
Salumetsa 27 27 35
Salumäe 61 52 59
Soodla 74 87 77
Uuearu 47 47 38
Vetla 51 45 55
Vikipalu 53 61 101
Voose 79 64 67
Ülejõe 243 202 212
Unknown 0 0 3
Total 3164 5731 6262

Religion in Anija Parish (2021)

  Unaffiliated (75.6%)
  Orthodox (10.0%)
  Lutheran (6.1%)
  Others Christians (3.6%)
  Others Religions (4.7%)

Politics
  • Anija parish council chairmen since 2002
    Name In office
    Jaanus Kalev 18.10.2019[34] - ...
    Toomas Tõnise 21.03.2019[35] - 17.10.2019[34]
    Jaan Oruaas 24.10.2017[36] - 13.02.2019[35]
    Jaanus Kalev 31.10.2013[37] - 23.10.2017[35]
    Jaan Oruaas 29.10.2009[38] - 30.10.2013[37]
    Jaanus Kalev Autumn? 2005[39] - 28.10.2009[38]
    Tõnis Väli Dec. 2002[40] - Autumn? 2005
  • Mayors of Anija parish since 2002
    Name In office
    Riivo Noor 21.03.2019[35] - ...
    Arvi Karotam 19.12.2013[41] - 15.03.2019[35]
    Tiit Tammaru 06.11.2009[42] - 31.12.2013[41]
    Jüri Lillsoo Autumn 2005 - 09.11.2009[42]
    Tiit Tammaru Spring 2004 - Autumn 2005[42]
    Olav Eensalu Dec. 2002[25] - 18.03.2004[43]
    Ilsia Väli before 2002[24]
    Tõnis Väli before 2002[24]

Infrastructure

Transportation

The Tallinn-Narva railway passes through the parish and is serviced by Elron. Long distance trains stop in Kehra, Aegviidu, and Nelijärve, while local Tallinn-Aegviidu trains stop in Parila, Kehra, Lahinguvälja, Mustjõe, and Aegviidu. It takes about 19 minutes to reach Kehra on a long distance train from Ülemiste, and 31 minutes to reach Aegviidu. Meanwhile, local Tallinn-Aegviidu trains take about 10 more minutes due to additional stops.[28]

Kose-Jägala, Jägala-Käravete (part of the bigger Piibe road), and Perila-Jäneda roads pass through the parish.[28] Kehra, the administrative center, is located approximately 32.8 kilometers from the outer edge of Tallinn through Kose-Jägala, Jägala-Käravete, and Tallinn-Narva highways. The journey takes approximately 23 minutes.[44]

The parish has a considerable, still-developing network of light traffic roads. Currently existing sections include Kõrvemaa-Aegviidu-Jäneda in the Aegviidu area and several shorter roads in the town of Kehra, with Kehra-Kaunisaare also reaching outside the town. Kehra-Anija and Soodla-Kõrvemaa sections are scheduled to be built in 2023, nearly connecting Kehra and Aegviidu. In approximate chronological order, other sections scheduled to be built include: Kehra-Vikipalu, Kehra-Lilli-Soodla, Kaunissaare-Pikva-Alavere, Anija-Raasiku, Vetla, Voose-Vetla-Kreo, Vikipalu-Lahinguvälja, Alavere-Rooküla-Lükati.[28]

As of 2020, five bus lines were providing local transport in Anija Parish, three of which operate on every workday.[45] There is also a bus line between Kehra and Kose borough.

Tallinn Water Supply System

The parish is home to the reservoirs of Soodla, Raudoja, Aavoja, and Kaunissaare, which belong to the Tallinn water supply system. All of the reservoirs are located on a river that shares the name of the reservoir, except Kaunissaare, which is located on the Jägala River. Soodla reservoir feeds into Raudoja reservoir through a pipe,[46] Raudoja feeds into Aavoja through a canal, Aavoja feeds into Kaunissaare through a canal, and Kaunissaare feeds into Vaskjala reservoir through the Kaunissaare-Patika canal and a small section of the Pirita River. Each canal has a gravel road next to it for maintenance.[47]

Culture

The 1903 novel by Eduard Vilde "Kui Anija mehed Tallinnas käisid" (English: When Anija men visited Tallinn) describes the life of 19th century Tallinn, from the perspective of a peasant, including a section about peasants from the lands of the historic Anija Manor getting beaten up by feudal lords in Tallinn.[48]

In 1922, A. H. Tammsaare wrote his novel "Kõrboja Peremees" in the Kaserahu Manor, ruins of which currently lay next to the Kose-Jägala road, a kilometer south of the current Kaunissaare Reservoir by road. The setting of the novel is inspired by the historic Koitjärve area, which is also reflected in the 1979 film adaption of the same name, directed by Leida Laius, filmed in the Paukjärve area, on the eastern border of current Anija Parish.[49][50]

  • Väike Kalajärv, a lake in Kõrvemaa Nature Park
    Väike Kalajärv, a lake in Kõrvemaa Nature Park
  • Tarvasjõgi river in Kõrvemaa Nature Park
    Tarvasjõgi river in Kõrvemaa Nature Park
  • Soodla bridge
    Soodla bridge
  • Lake Vahejärv
    Lake Vahejärv
  • Lake Nikerjärv
    Lake Nikerjärv
  • Raudoja reservoir
    Raudoja reservoir

References
  1. Koppelmaa, Külli (2017-01-31). "Anija valla kõrgeim tipp on hoopis 104meetrine Määrasmägi". Sõnumitooja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  2. "Üldinfo - Anija Vallavalitsus". anija.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-22.
  3. "RL21429: RAHVASTIK RAHVUSE, SOO, VANUSERÜHMA JA ELUKOHA (HALDUSÜKSUS) JÄRGI, 31. DETSEMBER 2021". Estonian Statistical Database. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
  4. "Dictionary of Estonian Place names". www.eki.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  5. Joalaid, Marje. "Dictionary of Estonian Place names - Kaersoo". www.eki.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  6. Joalaid, Marje. "Dictionary of Estonian Place names - Linnakse". www.eki.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  7. Eisen, Matthias Johann (1920). Daani hindamise raamat (in Estonian). Tallinn, Tartu: Varrak. ISBN 978-9949-765-42-3.
  8. Laansalu, Tiina. "Dictionary of Estonian Place names - Kiviloo". www.eki.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  9. Joalaid, Marje. "Dictionary of Estonian Place names - Pillapalu". www.eki.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  10. Joalaid, Marje. "Dictionary of Estonian Place names - Koitjärve". www.eki.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  11. "Eesti ala valdade register 1866-1917 - Anija". Rahvusarhiiv. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  12. Puust, Jüri (2014-12-05). "19. sajand - Eesti valdade sünnilugu - Eesti Elu". eestielu.ee. Archived from the original on 2014-12-05. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  13. "Omavalitsuspäeva kujunemine – Polis MTÜ" (in Estonian). Retrieved 2023-03-29.
  14. "Eesti ala valdade register 1866-1917 - Kehra". Rahvusarhiiv. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  15. "Eesti ala valdade register 1866-1917 - Haljava". Rahvusarhiiv. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  16. "Eesti ala valdade register 1866-1917 - Paasiku". Rahvusarhiiv. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  17. "Eesti ala valdade register 1866-1917 - Raasiku". www.ra.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  18. "Ajalooline haldusjaotus - X-GIS 2.0". xgis.maaamet.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  19. Naan, Gustav, ed. (1971). Eesti Nõukogude Entsüklopeedia III, HERN-KIRU (in Estonian). Tallinn: Valgus. p. 499.
  20. Naan, Gustav, ed. (1974). Eesti Nõukogude Entsüklopeedia VI, PAIS-RUMO (in Estonian). Tallinn: Valgus. p. 120.
  21. Naan, Gustav, ed. (1968). Eesti Nõukogude Entsüklopeedia I, A-DYN (in Estonian). Tallinn: Valgus. p. 51.
  22. Naan, Gustav, ed. (1976). Eesti Nõukogude Entsüklopeedia VIII, TINK-YVER (in Estonian). Tallinn: Valgus. p. 462.
  23. "Anija vald - Eesti Entsüklopeedia". entsyklopeedia.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-27.
  24. Koppelmaa, Külli (2017-01-18). "Anija vallamaja oli valla taasloomise 25. aastapäeval piduehteis". Sõnumitooja. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
  25. Koppelmaa, Külli (2012-01-17). "Anija valla sünnipäevapeol käis üle 200 inimese". Sõnumitooja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-12-24.
  26. "Haldusterritoriaalse korralduse muutmine Kehra linna ja Anija valla osas". Riigiteataja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  27. Koppelmaa, Külli (2017-10-24). "21. oktoobrist on Aegviidu ja Anija üks vald". Sõnumitooja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2023-03-15.
  28. Anija valla arengukava 2021-2027 (PDF) (in Estonian). Kehra: Anija Vallavolikogu. 2022.
  29. "Aegviidu piirkond – www.aegviidu.eu". Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  30. Koppelmaa, Külli (2015-10-13). "Suurem osa kinnisvaraarendusest Anija vallas on jäänud paberile". Sõnumitooja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  31. "TALLINN - TAPA". est-train.ertas.eu. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  32. "Anija valla arengukava korrigeerimine–Riigi Teataja". www.riigiteataja.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  33. "RLV004: RAHVASTIK | Elukoht, Aasta ning Näitaja". Estonian Statistical Database. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  34. Koppelmaa, Külli (2019-10-23). "Anija vallavolikogu esimeheks valiti JAANUS KALEV". Sõnumitooja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  35. Koppelmaa, Külli (2019-03-27). "Anija vallavanem on RIIVO NOOR, volikogu esimees TOOMAS TÕNISE". Sõnumitooja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-11-09.
  36. Koppelmaa, Külli (2017-11-01). "Anija volikogu esimeheks valiti JAAN ORUAAS". Sõnumitooja. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  37. "Anija vallavolikogu esimeheks valiti JAANUS KALEV". Sõnumitooja. 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  38. "Anija vallavolikogu esimeheks valiti JAAN ORUAAS". Sõnumitooja. 2009-11-03. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  39. Tohver, Andres (2019-11-01). "Edukas teraviljakasvataja juhib taas vallavolikogu". Harju Elu (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  40. "Anija valla põhimääruse kinnitamine". Riigiteataja. Retrieved 2020-12-25.
  41. Kaljuvee, Gertrud (2013-12-19). "Anija uus vallavanem on ARVI KAROTAM". Sõnumitooja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-11-09.
  42. Koppelmaa, Külli (2009-11-10). "Anija uus vallavanem on TIIT TAMMARU". Sõnumitooja (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-11-09.
  43. Randla, Siim (2004-05-24). "Purjuspäi sõitnud Anija vallavanem lahkus ametist". Õhtuleht (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-12-24.
  44. "Kehra, Harju County to Peterburi tee, Tallinn". Google Maps. Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  45. "Ühistransport". Anija Vallavalitsus (in Estonian). Retrieved 2020-09-12.
  46. "Veekogu: Soodla veehoidla VEE2002410". infoleht.keskkonnainfo.ee (in Estonian). Retrieved 2021-02-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  47. "Tallinna linna pinnaveesüsteemi joogiveehaardesse kuuluvate veekogude nimekirja kinnitamine". Riigiteataja. 2001-02-09. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
  48. "Kui Anija mehed Tallinnas käisid - Eduard Vilde, 1960". Vaimuvara (in Estonian). Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  49. Vaino, Maarja (2007-10-26). "Lugedes kaduma läinud "Kõrboja peremees"". Eesti Päevaleht (in Estonian). Retrieved 2023-03-30.
  50. "Kõrboja peremees (1979) - Eesti filmi andmebaas". www.efis.ee. Retrieved 2023-03-30.

Further reading
  • Miidla, Ants (2014). Kehra Lood (in Estonian). MTÜ Kehra Raudteejaam. ISBN 978-9949-33-520-6.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.