Abdul Majid Hassan

Abdul Majid Hassan ibni Muhammad Shah (Jawi: عبد المجيد حسن; reign: 1402–1406), also known as Maharaja Karna (Chinese: 麻那惹加那), allegedly was the 2nd Sultan of Brunei. Despite that, he was also mentioned in Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei, but a discover on Jalan Residency in Brunei mentioned the name Rokyah binti Sultan Abdul Majid Hassan ibnu Muhammad Shah Al-Sultan.[1]

Abdul Majid Hassan / Maharaja Karna
Tomb of Sultan Abdul Majid at the Tomb of the King of Boni
2nd Sultan of Brunei
Reign1402–1408 CE
PredecessorMuhammad Shah
SuccessorAhmad
BornAbdul Majid
Died1406
Imperial State Guesthouse, Nanjing, China
Burial
Tomb of the King of Boni, Nanjing, China
Names
Abdul Majid ibni Hassan
Regnal name
Sultan Abdul Majid ibni Pengiran Muda Hassan
FatherPengiran Muda Hassan
ReligionSunni Islam

Reign (1402-1406)

Succession

Pangiran Muda Hassan may have ascended the Brunei throne in 1402, following the death of his uncle, Sultan Muhammad Shah.[2] He dispatched envoys to China in 1405 to present homage to the Yongle Emperor. He received an imperial mandate and seal in exchange from the Emperor. He, who was ecstatic, made the decision to personally thank everyone. Together with his family, including his wife, sons, and other relatives, arrived in Fujian Province via boat, and the central government's deputies sent there to greet them with open arms.[3][4][5]

Death

To attend the imperial court, the Sultan Abdul Majid and his friends travelled to Nanjing, in August 1408.[5] After spending more than a month in Nanjing, he became unwell. He passed away at home in the ninth lunar month of that year at the age of 28. He expressed a desire to be interred in China in his testament. The Sultan was given the posthumous title of "Deferent" by the Emperor, who also ordered the suspension of court for three days. According to the norms of Chinese vassals, he was interred after his death outside of Andemen in Shizigang, which was in the southern section of Nanjing. The Emperor also mandated that the king's son take the throne in place of his father.[6][7][8]

Tomb of the King of Boni
Main article: Tomb of the King of Boni

In 1408, Sultan Abdul Hassan died in Nanjing at the age of 28, leaving a 4-year-old prince named Xiawang (遐旺). He was buried at the Tomb of the King of Boni in Nanjing. The grave was abandoned up until 1958, when it was rediscovered during an archeological survey.[9] It has now opened as a tourist attraction and designated as a historical site in China.[10][11][12]

See also

References
  1. Bap Pertama: Latar Belakang Kesultanan Melayu Brunei (PDF). p. 29. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  2. "brunei3". www.royalark.net. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  3. (Qing) Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉); et al. (1974). 明史 (History of Ming) (in Chinese). revised by Zhonghua Book Company. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 7101003273.
  4. Johannes L. Kurz (July 2011). "Boni in Chinese Sources: Translations of Relevant Texts from the Song to the Qing Dynasties" (PDF). Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Working Paper Series. Singapore: The Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 November 2013.
  5. "Brunei's Sultan Abdul Majid and Chinese Emperor Yongle". Brunei's Sultan Abdul Majid and Chinese Emperor Yongle. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
  6. (Qing) Zhang Tingyu (張廷玉); et al. (1974). 明史 (History of Ming) (in Chinese). revised by Zhonghua Book Company. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 7101003273.
  7. (Ming) Yan Congjian (严从简), ed. (1993). 殊域周咨錄 (The Record of General Condition of Various Foreign Countries for Consultation) (in Chinese). revised by Yu Sili (余思黎). Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company. ISBN 7101006078.
  8. Cheng Minzheng (程敏政), ed. (1400s). "Chapter 11". 皇明文衡 (Exemplary Documents of the Ming Dynasty) (PDF). Tokyo: Chinese Materials and Rare Book Full -text-and-image Database, The Institute of Oriental Culture, University of Tokyo.
  9. "南京纪念浡泥国王墓重新发现４７周年(Nanjing Commemorates the 47th Anniversary of Rediscovery of Tomb of the King of Boni))". 新华网江苏频道. Archived from the original on 3 September 2006. Retrieved 12 May 2005.
  10. "文莱玛斯娜公主参加"文莱风情园"揭幕仪式 (Princess Masnah attended the inauguration of the Brunei Style Park)". njyhly.cn (in Chinese). 雨花旅游网. 23 October 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2009.
  11. "文莱公主南京拜谒古浡泥国王墓 (The Princess of Brunei Paid Her Respect to the Ancient Tomb of the King of Boni)" (in Chinese). Jiangsu China Net (中国江苏网). 6 April 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
  12. "Bruneian Princess pays homage to tomb of ancient Bruneian king in China". People's Daily Online. 7 April 2006. Retrieved 11 April 2012.
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