2024 Indonesian general election
General elections are scheduled to be held in Indonesia on 14 February 2024 to elect the President, Vice President, People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) which consists of the DPR and the DPD, and members of local legislative bodies.[1][2]
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Electoral system
The previous election was regulated by Law No. 7 of 2017. The General Elections Commission (KPU), a legally independent government body was responsible for organizing the election. In addition, the vote was monitored by the General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu), which also had the authority to rule on violations of election rules (e.g. administrative errors, vote-buying, etc.). Any ethical violations committed by either Bawaslu or the KPU were to be handled by the Elections Organizer Honor Council (Dewan Kehormatan Penyelenggara Pemilu DKPP), which consists of one member from each body and five others recommended by the government. The same system and regulations are expected to be applied in the 2024 edition.
Depending on the voting location and voters' domicile, voters will be given four or five ballot papers: one for the presidential candidates and their running mate, one for Regional Representative Council (DPD), one for People's Representative Council (DPR), one for provincial council, and for the regions outside of Jakarta Special Capital Region, there is one additional ballot paper reserved for regency/city council (DPRD Provinsi and DPRD Kabupaten/Kota) members election. Voters use a nail to poke a hole in the ballot paper indicating which party or candidate they wish to vote for, and then dip their fingers in ink as a precaution against voter fraud.
The voting age for the election is 17, or less if already married. Indonesians living overseas can vote in either the embassies and consulates, mobile polling stations, or by post.
Presidential
In order to run as a presidential candidate, a candidate must be formally endorsed by a political party or a coalition thereof which compose either 20 percent of seats in the DPR or 25 percent of popular votes in the prior election, i.e. in the 2019 election.[3] Political parties are allowed to remain neutral if they are unable to propose their own candidate. However, if a neutral party(s) is able to endorse their own candidate, they are required to do so, or face being barred from participating in the next election.
The voting procedure followed a two-round system, with voters simply choosing one of the candidate pairs. A candidate will be required to win a majority and at least 20% of the votes in over half of Indonesia's provinces to be declared the winner. If no candidate pairs had fulfilled the criterion (50%+1 of total popular votes), the election will be repeated or progressed to a second round with only the two candidates receiving the most popular votes.
According to the Constitution, presidential candidates must:
- Be at least 40 years old (the requirement has not changed);
- Be resident in Indonesia for at least 5 years;
- Not have foreign citizenship or residence permit in a foreign country, either at the time of the election or at any time before (new constitutional requirement).
Legislative
Members of both the People's Representative Council (DPR) and the Regional People's Representative Councils (DPRD) are elected from multi-member electoral districts through voting with an open list system, and seat distribution is done with the Sainte-Laguë method. There is a gender quota requiring at least 30% of registered candidates to be female.
A 4% parliamentary threshold is set for parties to be represented in the DPR, though candidates could still win seats in the regional councils provided they won sufficient votes. There are 580 DPR seats contested. Nationally, there are 84 DPR electoral districts, with 301 provincial and 2,375 municipal electoral districts. Senatorial candidates for the DPD are not allowed to be members of any political party. Four senators are elected for each province – a total of 152 members.[4]
This will be the first elections for provincial deputies and senators of both Houses for Central, Southwest, South and Highland Papua - all new provinces formed in 2022. On 12 December 2022, Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1/2022 signed and published to amend the 2017 electoral law to make the new electoral regions to those provinces and facilitate the election there.[5]
Nusantara, the designated new national capital, is expected to not to be developed as new separate electoral region in the 2024 general election. Proposed plans by the government is currently not focused on the establishment of new electoral region and districts in Nusantara due to its under-construction state and currently as there are few people currently living in Nusantara, less than the standard number of people to be established as a new electoral district. Due to this, a new temporary mechanism is currently devised by the government for DPR to serve as the temporary representation body until 2029, when Nusantara can be deemed capable to be established as new electoral region. For 2024 election, electors living within Nusantara are considered a part of the East Kalimantan electoral region and thus the regional representatives to the DPR that covers the area, as well as the provincial senators at large, will be elected.[6][7][8]
Contesting parties
A total of 24 political parties registered with the KPU to run in the election nationally.[9] On 14 December 2022, the KPU announced that 17 parties had passed the factual verification process and would be eligible to contest the legislative election.
The Ummah Party, who the KPU deemed not qualified to participate in the 2024 Elections, accused the KPU of irregularities in the process. The party subsequently filed a written complaint.[10] Following mediations brokered by General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) between the party and the KPU on 20 and 21 December, Bawaslu instructed the electoral commission to repeat the verification process for Ummah Party.[11] The party declared as qualified to participate in the election on December 30. [12][13] The Just and Prosperous People's Party (PRIMA), which was initially rejected, filed a lawsuit against KPU, and won the right for a second verification from KPU.[14]
| Ballot number | English name | Indonesian name | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | National Awakening Party | Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB) | Muhaimin Iskandar |
| 2 | Great Indonesia Movement Party | Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Gerindra) | Prabowo Subianto |
| 3 | Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle | Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI-P) | Megawati Sukarnoputri |
| 4 | Golkar Party | Partai Golongan Karya | Airlangga Hartarto |
| 5 | Nasdem Party | Partai Nasdem | Surya Paloh |
| 6 | Labor Party | Partai Buruh | Said Iqbal |
| 7 | Indonesian People's Wave Party | Partai Gelombang Rakyat Indonesia (Gelora) | Anis Matta |
| 8 | Prosperous Justice Party | Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) | Ahmad Syaikhu |
| 9 | Nusantara Awakening Party | Partai Kebangkitan Nusantara (PKN) | I Gede Pasek Suardika |
| 10 | People's Conscience Party | Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat (Hanura) | Oesman Sapta Odang |
| 11 | Garuda Party | Partai Garda Perubahan Indonesia (Partai Garuda) | Ahmad Ridha Sabana |
| 12 | National Mandate Party | Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN) | Zulkifli Hasan |
| 13 | Crescent Star Party | Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB) | Yusril Ihza Mahendra |
| 14 | Democratic Party | Partai Demokrat | Agus Harimurti Yudhoyono |
| 15 | Indonesian Solidarity Party | Partai Solidaritas Indonesia (PSI) | Giring Ganesha |
| 16 | Indonesian Unity Party | Partai Persatuan Indonesia (Perindo) | Hary Tanoesoedibjo |
| 17 | United Development Party | Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) | Muhamad Mardiono |
| Ballot number 18-23 allocated to local parties in Aceh | |||
| 24 | Ummah Party | Partai Ummat | Ridho Rahmadi |
Additionally, six local political parties from Aceh also qualified for the election, with the province having special autonomy rights to have local political parties.[15]
| Ballot number | English name | Indonesian name | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | Aceh Nanggroe Party | Partai Nanggroe Aceh | Irwandi Yusuf |
| 19 | Gabthat Party | Partai Generasi Atjeh Beusaboh Tha'at Dan Taqwa | Teuku Syahril |
| 20 | Aceh Abode Party | Partai Darul Aceh | Muhibbussabri A. Wahab |
| 21 | Aceh Party | Partai Aceh | Muzakir Manaf |
| 22 | Aceh Just and Prosperous Party | Partai Adil Sejahtera Aceh | Bulqaini Tanjungan |
| 23 | Independent Solidity of the Acehnese Party | Partai Soliditas Independen Rakyat Aceh | Muslim Syamsuddin |
Presidential election
In July 2017, the People's Representative Council (DPR) passed a law that only parties or coalitions with at least 20% of seats in the legislature, or 25% of votes in the previous election are eligible to submit a presidential candidate. Requirements for presidential/vice-presidential candidates are, Indonesian-born citizens, Indonesian citizens who were born abroad, a minimum age of 40 and a requirement to "have a belief in the One and Only God". If the candidates had spouses, they also had to be Indonesian citizens. A criminal record resulting in over five years of incarceration or an active bankruptcy bars a candidate from running.
Declared candidates
| Name | Born | Experience | Supporting parties | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Anies Baswedan |
7 May 1969 (age 53) Kuningan, West Java |
Governor of Jakarta (2017–2022) Minister of Education and Culture (2014–2016) |
Prosperous Justice Party Democratic Party Nasdem Party Ummah Party |
[16][17][18] |
 Prabowo Subianto |
17 October 1951 (age 71) Jakarta |
Minister of Defense (incumbent) Commander of Kostrad (1998) General Commander of Kopassus (1995-1998) |
Great Indonesia Movement Party | [19] |
Potential candidates
Legislative election
All legislative candidates has to be Indonesian citizens, over 21 years old, senior high school (or equivalent) graduates, and have never been convicted for a crime resulting in a sentence of 5 years or more. In addition, the candidates for the People's Representative Council (DPR) or local legislatures has to be endorsed by a political party and are required to resign from their non-legislative government offices – except for the president and vice president – or their state-owned company positions. Legislators running for reelection or another body through a new political party are also required to resign.
Opinion polls
President
People's Consultative Assembly
This graph shows the polling trends in the run-up to the 2024 Indonesian legislative election. Scenario polls are not included.
The electoral threshold to obtain seats is currently set at 4%.
References
- Dewi, Retia Kartika (11 July 2022). "Jadwal Lengkap dan Tahapan Pemilu 2024". Kompas. Retrieved 19 February 2023.
- Kiswondari (15 November 2020). "KPU Targetkan Sirekap Digunakan pada Pemilu 2024". sindonews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 3 January 2021.
- "Apa yang perlu Anda ketahui tentang UU Pemilu". BBC News Indonesia (in Indonesian). 21 July 2017. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
- "PERATURAN PEMERINTAH PENGGANTI UNDANG-UNDANG REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2022 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 7 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PEMILIHAN UMUM". Government Regulation in Lieu of Law No. 1 of 2022 (PDF) (in Indonesian). President of Indonesia.
- Rizqo, Kanavino Ahmad. "Jokowi Terbitkan Perppu Pemilu terkait 4 Daerah Otonomi Baru di Papua". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-12-13.
- Firmansyah, Muhammad Julnis (2022-08-31). Wibowo, Eko Ari (ed.). "Mendagri Usul Pemilu 2024 Tak Digelar Dulu di IKN, Ini Alasannya". Tempo. Retrieved 2022-11-18.
- Mantalean, Vitorio (2022-08-31). Prabowo, Dani (ed.). "IKN Tak Gelar Pemilu 2024, Mendagri Usul Badan Otorita Diawasi DPR RI". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-11-18.
- "Pakar: IKN Nusantara Tak Bisa Gelar Pemilu 2024". nasional (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-11-18.
- Mantalaen, Vitorio (15 August 2022). "40 Parpol Daftar Pemilu 2024, 24 Lanjut Verifikasi". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 15 December 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Mantalean, Vitorio (14 December 2022). Asril, Sabrina (ed.). "Resmi, 17 Parpol Lolos Jadi Peserta Pemilu 2024, Ini Daftarnya..." Kompas. Archived from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- Ihsan, Nabil; Meilani A, Tri; Haryati, Sri (21 December 2022). Haryati, Sri (ed.). "Bawaslu instructs KPU to repeat verification process for Ummah Party". Antara News. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Tandiah, Kenzu; Meilani A, Tri (30 December 2022). Haryati, Sri (ed.). "Ummah Party passes KPU re-verification to contest 2024 elections". Antara News. Retrieved 30 December 2022.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Silvia Ng (30 December 2022). "Lolos Peserta Pemilu 2024, Partai Ummat Pegang Nomor Urut 24". detiknews (in Indonesian).
- "KPU Nyatakan Prima Lolos Verifikasi Administrasi Peserta Pemilu 2024". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 1 April 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- Arjanto, Dwi (2 January 2023). "Deretan 6 Partai Politik Lokal Aceh yang Lolos Pemilu 2024 dan Asal-usulnya". Tempo (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- Hantoro, Juli (2023-01-30). "PKS Dukung Anies Baswedan, Sudirman Said: Bakal Capres Pertama yang Dapat Dukungan Cukup". Tempo. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
- "3 Parpol yang Resmi Dukung Anies Baswedan Jadi Capres pada Pilpres 2024". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). 1 February 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- "Partai Ummat Resmi Dukung Anies Baswedan Capres 2024". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). 15 February 2023. Retrieved 5 April 2023.
- Teresia, Ananda; Lamb, Kate; Suroyo, Gayatri (12 August 2022). "Indonesia defence minister Prabowo accepts party's nomination to run for president". Reuters.
- Aditya, Nicholas Ryan; Meiliana, Diamanty (2022-10-19). "Ganjar Pranowo Nyatakan Siap Maju Jadi Capres". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-19.
- Suadnyana, Sui (18 January 2022). "Ridwan Kamil Nyatakan Siap Lahir Batin Maju Pilpres 2024". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 18 January 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - Handayani, Nur Afitria Cika (2022-04-23). "Puan Maharani Disebut Punya Modal Kuat Jadi Pemimpin, Pakar: Cocok Jadi Presiden". suara.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2022-05-02. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- Ovier, Asni (2022-05-11). "Masuk Bursa Capres, Puan Maharani Miliki Daya Saing Tinggi". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2022-05-11. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
- Hantoro, Juli (2022-10-19). "Golkar Tegaskan Airlangga Hartarto Tetap Calon Presiden 2024". Tempo. Retrieved 2023-03-09.