vilu

See also: vīļu and vílu

Estonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Noun

vilu (genitive [please provide], partitive [please provide])

cool weather

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʋilu/, [ˈʋilu]
Rhymes: -ilu
Syllabification^(key): vi‧lu

Noun

vilu

cold (sensation; feeling cold)
Synonyms: kylmä, vilpo

Declension

Inflection of vilu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation)
nominative		vilu	vilut
genitive		vilun	vilujen
partitive		vilua	viluja
illative		viluun	viluihin
		singular	plural
nominative		vilu	vilut
accusative	nom.	vilu	vilut
accusative	gen.	vilun	vilut
genitive		vilun	vilujen
partitive		vilua	viluja
inessive		vilussa	viluissa
elative		vilusta	viluista
illative		viluun	viluihin
adessive		vilulla	viluilla
ablative		vilulta	viluilta
allative		vilulle	viluille
essive		viluna	viluina
translative		viluksi	viluiksi
instructive		—	viluin
abessive		vilutta	viluitta
comitative		—	viluineen

Possessive forms of vilu (type valo)
possessor	singular	plural
1st person	viluni	vilumme
2nd person	vilusi	vilunne
3rd person	vilunsa

Derived terms

vileä – adj
viluinen – adj
vilukko – noun
vilunarka – adj
vilunpuistatus – noun
vilunväre – noun
vilunväristys – noun
vilustaa – verb
vilustua – verb
vilustuminen – noun
vilustumistauti – noun
vilustus – noun
vilustuttaa – verb
vilutautinen – adj
vilutauti – noun
viluttaa – verb
vilutus – noun

Anagrams

livu

Karelian

Regional variants of *vilu*
North Karelian (Viena)	vilu
South Karelian (Tver)	vilu

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu. Cognates include Finnish vilu and Estonian vilu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʋilu/
Hyphenation: vi‧lu

Noun

vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluo)

cold, coldness

Adjective

vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluo)

cold, cool
hardhearted, callous

Declension

Viena Karelian declension of vilu (type 1/tyttö, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilut
genitive	vilun	vilujen
partitive	viluo	viluja
illative	viluh	viluloih
inessive	vilušša	viluloissa
elative	vilušta	viluloista
adessive	vilulla	viluloilla
ablative	vilulta	viluloilta
translative	vilukši	viluloiksi
essive	viluna	viluloina
comitative	—	viluloineh
comitative	vilutta	viluloitta

Tver Karelian declension of vilu (type 1/tyttö no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilut
genitive	vilun	viluloin
partitive	viluo	viluloida
illative	viluh	viluloih
inessive	vilušša	viluloissa
elative	vilušta	viluloista
adessive	vilulla	viluloilla
ablative	vilulda	viluloilda
translative	vilukši	viluloiksi
essive	viluna	viluloina
comitative	vilunke	viluloinke
comitative	vilutta	viluloitta

Possessive forms of vilu
1st person	viluni
2nd person	viluš
3rd person	viluh
^*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses.

References

A. V. Punzhina (1994), “vilu”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015), “холод”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN

Livvi

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu. Cognates include Finnish vilu and Estonian vilu.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈʋilu/
Hyphenation: vi‧lu
Rhymes: -ilu

Noun

vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluu)

cold, coldness

Adjective

vilu (genitive vilun, partitive viluu)

cold, cool
hardhearted, callous

Declension

Declension of vilu (Type 11/lindu, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilut
genitive	vilun	viluloin
partitive	viluu	viluloi
illative	viluh	viluloih
inessive	vilus	vilulois
elative	viluspäi	viluloispäi
allative	vilule	viluloile
adessive	vilul	viluloil
ablative	vilulpäi	viluloilpäi
translative	vilukse	viluloikse
essive	vilunnu	viluloinnu
abessive	viluttah	viluloittah
comitative	vilunke	viluloinke
instructive		viluloin
prolative	viluči

References

Olga Žarinova (2012) Pagizemmo Karjalakse [Let's speak Karelian], St Petersburg, →ISBN, page 11
Tatjana Boiko (2019), “vilu”, in Suuri Karjal-Venʹalaine Sanakniigu (livvin murreh) [The Big Karelian-Russian dictionary (Livvi dialect)], 2nd edition, →ISBN

Ludian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Adjective

vilu

cold

Noun

vilu

cold (sensation)

Sinicahua Mixtec

Etymology

From Proto-Mixtec *wiluʔ.

Noun

vilu

cat

References

Tutu ja ndee tnuꞌu suꞌva ja ka kaꞌan ndaka ñayivi ñuu Xini Kava = Pequeño diccionario ilustrado en el mixteco de San Antonio Sinicahua‎ (in Mixtec and Spanish), preliminary edition, 2010, page 8

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Adjective

vilu

cold

Inflection

Inflection of vilu (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	vilu
genitive sing.	vilun
partitive sing.	vilud
partitive plur.	viluid
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilud
accusative	vilun	vilud
genitive	vilun	viluiden
partitive	vilud	viluid
essive-instructive	vilun	viluin
translative	viluks	viluikš

inessive	vilus	viluiš
elative	viluspäi	viluišpäi
illative	vilhu viluhu	viluihe

adessive	vilul	viluil
ablative	vilulpäi	viluilpäi
allative	vilule	viluile

abessive	viluta	viluita
comitative	vilunke	viluidenke
prolative	viludme	viluidme

approximative I	vilunno	viluidenno
approximative II	vilunnoks	viluidennoks
egressive	vilunnopäi	viluidennopäi

terminative I	vilhusai viluhusai	viluihesai
terminative II	vilulesai	viluilesai
terminative III	vilussai	—

additive I	vilhupäi viluhupäi	viluihepäi
additive II	vilulepäi	viluilepäi

Noun

vilu

coldness, cold

Inflection

Inflection of vilu (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	vilu
genitive sing.	vilun
partitive sing.	vilud
partitive plur.	viluid
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilud
accusative	vilun	vilud
genitive	vilun	viluiden
partitive	vilud	viluid
essive-instructive	vilun	viluin
translative	viluks	viluikš

inessive	vilus	viluiš
elative	viluspäi	viluišpäi
illative	vilhu viluhu	viluihe

adessive	vilul	viluil
ablative	vilulpäi	viluilpäi
allative	vilule	viluile

abessive	viluta	viluita
comitative	vilunke	viluidenke
prolative	viludme	viluidme

approximative I	vilunno	viluidenno
approximative II	vilunnoks	viluidennoks
egressive	vilunnopäi	viluidennopäi

terminative I	vilhusai viluhusai	viluihesai
terminative II	vilulesai	viluilesai
terminative III	vilussai	—

additive I	vilhupäi viluhupäi	viluihepäi
additive II	vilulepäi	viluilepäi

Derived terms

viluhein
viluku
vilulind
viluntirpai

References

Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “свежесть, холод, холодный”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Votic

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *vilu.

Pronunciation

(Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA^(key): /ˈvilu/, [ˈviɫu]
Rhymes: -ilu
Hyphenation: vi‧lu

Adjective

vilu

cold, chilly, freezing cold

Noun

vilu

cold weather, chilly weather

Inflection

Declension of vilu (type II/võrkko, no gradation)
	singular	plural
nominative	vilu	vilud
genitive	vilu	viluje, vilujõ, vilui
partitive	villua	viluitõ, vilui
illative	villu, villusõ	viluje, vilujõ, viluisõ
inessive	viluz	viluiz
elative	vilussõ	viluissõ
allative	vilulõ	viluilõ
adessive	vilullõ	viluillõ
ablative	vilultõ	viluiltõ
translative	vilussi	viluissi
^) the accusative* corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) ^) the terminative** is formed by adding the suffix -ssaa to the short illative or the genitive. ^*) the comitative** is formed by adding the suffix -ka to the genitive.

References

V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “vilu”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn

Yosondúa Mixtec

Etymology

From Proto-Mixtec *wiluʔ.

Noun

vilu

cat

References

Beaty de Farris, Kathryn; et al. (2012) Diccionario básico del mixteco de Yosondúa, Oaxaca (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 46)‎ (in Spanish), third edition, Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., page 85

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