tumma
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Estonian tõmmu, Estonian tume, Ingrian tumma, Karelian tumma, Võro tummõ and Votic tummõ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈt̪umːɑ]
- Rhymes: -umːɑ
- Syllabification(key): tum‧ma
Adjective
tumma (comparative tummempi, superlative tummin)
- dark (of colour)
- Hänellä on tumma tukka.
- She has dark hair.
- Minä käytän vain tummia vaatteita.
- I only wear dark clothes.
- dark-haired
- Naapurin jätkä seurustelee taas sen tumman tytön kanssa.
- The guy next door is dating the dark-haired girl again.
Usage notes
- The compound names of dark variants of a color are formed with genitive of tumma, other adjectives often with nominative, depending on the head word, e.g.:
- tummankeltainen (“dark yellow”)
- tummaihoinen (“dark-skinned”)
Declension
| Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | tumma | tummat | |
| genitive | tumman | tummien | |
| partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
| illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | tumma | tummat | |
| accusative | nom. | tumma | tummat |
| gen. | tumman | ||
| genitive | tumman | tummien tummainrare | |
| partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
| inessive | tummassa | tummissa | |
| elative | tummasta | tummista | |
| illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
| adessive | tummalla | tummilla | |
| ablative | tummalta | tummilta | |
| allative | tummalle | tummille | |
| essive | tummana | tummina | |
| translative | tummaksi | tummiksi | |
| instructive | — | tummin | |
| abessive | tummatta | tummitta | |
| comitative | — | tummine | |
| Possessive forms of tumma (type koira) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. | ||
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | tummani | tummamme |
| 2nd person | tummasi | tummanne |
| 3rd person | tummansa | |
Antonyms
Compounds
Noun
tumma
- (informal, possibly derogatory) Romani, Rom (person)
- Tummat kruisasivat Mersullaan kylän halki.
- The Romani cruised through the town in their Mercedes Benz.
- Tummat kruisasivat Mersullaan kylän halki.
Declension
| Inflection of tumma (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | tumma | tummat | |
| genitive | tumman | tummien | |
| partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
| illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | tumma | tummat | |
| accusative | nom. | tumma | tummat |
| gen. | tumman | ||
| genitive | tumman | tummien tummainrare | |
| partitive | tummaa | tummia | |
| inessive | tummassa | tummissa | |
| elative | tummasta | tummista | |
| illative | tummaan | tummiin | |
| adessive | tummalla | tummilla | |
| ablative | tummalta | tummilta | |
| allative | tummalle | tummille | |
| essive | tummana | tummina | |
| translative | tummaksi | tummiksi | |
| instructive | — | tummin | |
| abessive | tummatta | tummitta | |
| comitative | — | tummineen | |
| Possessive forms of tumma (type koira) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | tummani | tummamme |
| 2nd person | tummasi | tummanne |
| 3rd person | tummansa | |
Synonyms
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *tumma. Cognates include Finnish tumma and Estonian tõmmu.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumː]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈtumːɑ/, [ˈtumːɑ]
- Rhymes: -umːɑ
- Hyphenation: tum‧ma
Declension
| Declension of tumma (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | tumma | tummat |
| genitive | tumman | tummiin |
| partitive | tummaa | tummia |
| illative | tummaa | tummii |
| inessive | tummaas | tummiis |
| elative | tummast | tummist |
| allative | tummalle | tummille |
| adessive | tummaal | tummiil |
| ablative | tummalt | tummilt |
| translative | tummaks | tummiks |
| essive | tummanna, tummaan | tumminna, tummiin |
| exessive1) | tummant | tummint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 608
Sidamo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈtumːa/
- Hyphenation: tum‧ma
Declension
Declension of tumma
(feminine)
| unmodified | modified | |
|---|---|---|
| predicative | tumma | |
| nominative | tumma | tumma |
| genitive | tummate*) | tumma*) |
| dative | tummate | tummara |
| accusative | tumma*) | |
| ablative | tummatenni | tummanni |
| *) Stressed on the final vowel. | ||
References
- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 38
Swedish
Verb
tumma (present tummar, preterite tummade, supine tummat, imperative tumma)
- to thumb (touch or manipulate with one's thumb)
- to confirm mutual agreement (sometimes by parties pressing their right thumbs against one other), to shake on it, to pinky swear
- Vi tummade på det
- We shook on it
- to skimp (on something)
- De tummade på säkerheten
- They skimped on security
- (chiefly historical) to measure (lumber) in inches (tum)
Conjugation
Conjugation of tumma (weak)
| Active | Passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | tumma | tummas | ||
| Supine | tummat | tummats | ||
| Imperative | tumma | — | ||
| Imper. plural1 | tummen | — | ||
| Present | Past | Present | Past | |
| Indicative | tummar | tummade | tummas | tummades |
| Ind. plural1 | tumma | tummade | tummas | tummades |
| Subjunctive2 | tumme | tummade | tummes | tummades |
| Participles | ||||
| Present participle | tummande | |||
| Past participle | tummad | |||
| 1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs. | ||||
References
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