toper
English
Pronunciation
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈtəʊpə/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈtoʊpɚ/
- Rhymes: -əʊpə(ɹ)
Noun
toper (plural topers)
- (now literary) Someone who drinks alcoholic beverages a lot; a drunkard.
- Synonyms: alcoholic, drunkard, tosspot; see also Thesaurus:drunkard
- 1818, John Keats, “On Some Skulls in Beauly Abbey, near Inverness”:
- A Toper this! He plied his glass / More strictly than he said the Mass, […]
- 1851 November 14, Herman Melville, “The Spouter-Inn”, in Moby-Dick; or, The Whale, 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers; London: Richard Bentley, OCLC 57395299, page 16:
- The liquor soon mounted into their heads, as it generally does even with the arrantest topers newly landed from sea, and they began capering about most obstreperously.
- 1863, J[oseph] Sheridan Le Fanu, “Narrating How Lieutenant Puddock and Captain Devereux Brewed a Bowl of Punch, and How They Sang and Discoursed Together”, in The House by the Church-yard. […], volume I, London: Tinsley, Brothers, […], OCLC 18952474, page 304:
- […] Mrs. Irons rebelled in her bed, and refused peremptorily to get up again, to furnish the musical topers with rum and lemons. […]
- 1932, James T. Farrell, chapter 6, in Young Lonigan, →ISBN, section 3, page 156:
- “Well, if you ask me, Barney is a combination of eight ball, mick, and shonicker,” said McArdle, one of the corner topers.
Translations
drunkard — see drunkard
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɔ.pe/
Audio (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of toper (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | toper | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | topant /tɔ.pɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | topé /tɔ.pe/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tope /tɔp/ |
topes /tɔp/ |
tope /tɔp/ |
topons /tɔ.pɔ̃/ |
topez /tɔ.pe/ |
topent /tɔp/ |
| imperfect | topais /tɔ.pɛ/ |
topais /tɔ.pɛ/ |
topait /tɔ.pɛ/ |
topions /tɔ.pjɔ̃/ |
topiez /tɔ.pje/ |
topaient /tɔ.pɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | topai /tɔ.pe/ |
topas /tɔ.pa/ |
topa /tɔ.pa/ |
topâmes /tɔ.pam/ |
topâtes /tɔ.pat/ |
topèrent /tɔ.pɛʁ/ | |
| future | toperai /tɔ.pʁe/ |
toperas /tɔ.pʁa/ |
topera /tɔ.pʁa/ |
toperons /tɔ.pʁɔ̃/ |
toperez /tɔ.pʁe/ |
toperont /tɔ.pʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | toperais /tɔ.pʁɛ/ |
toperais /tɔ.pʁɛ/ |
toperait /tɔ.pʁɛ/ |
toperions /tɔ.pə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
toperiez /tɔ.pə.ʁje/ |
toperaient /tɔ.pʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | tope /tɔp/ |
topes /tɔp/ |
tope /tɔp/ |
topions /tɔ.pjɔ̃/ |
topiez /tɔ.pje/ |
topent /tɔp/ |
| imperfect2 | topasse /tɔ.pas/ |
topasses /tɔ.pas/ |
topât /tɔ.pa/ |
topassions /tɔ.pa.sjɔ̃/ |
topassiez /tɔ.pa.sje/ |
topassent /tɔ.pas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | tope /tɔp/ |
— | topons /tɔ.pɔ̃/ |
topez /tɔ.pe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “toper”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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