thubutu

Swahili

Etymology

From Arabic ثَبَتَ‎ (ṯabata).

Noun

-thubutu (infinitive kuthubutu)

to dare, to have the courage to do something

Conjugation

Conjugation of -thubutu

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kuthubutu

kutothubutu

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

thubutu

thubutuni

Habitual

huthubutu

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	nilithubutu nalithubutu	tulithubutu twalithubutu	ulithubutu walithubutu	mlithubutu mwalithubutu	alithubutu	walithubutu	ulithubutu	ilithubutu	lilithubutu	yalithubutu	kilithubutu	vilithubutu	ilithubutu	zilithubutu	ulithubutu	kulithubutu	palithubutu	mulithubutu
Relative	niliothubutu naliothubutu	tuliothubutu twaliothubutu	uliothubutu waliothubutu	mliothubutu mwaliothubutu	aliothubutu	waliothubutu	uliothubutu	iliothubutu	liliothubutu	yaliothubutu	kiliothubutu	viliothubutu	iliothubutu	ziliothubutu	uliothubutu	kuliothubutu	paliothubutu	muliothubutu
Negative	sikuthubutu	hatukuthubutu	hukuthubutu	hamkuthubutu	hakuthubutu	hawakuthubutu	haukuthubutu	haikuthubutu	halikuthubutu	hayakuthubutu	hakikuthubutu	havikuthubutu	haikuthubutu	hazikuthubutu	haukuthubutu	hakukuthubutu	hapakuthubutu	hamukuthubutu

Present
Positive	ninathubutu nathubutu	tunathubutu	unathubutu	mnathubutu	anathubutu	wanathubutu	unathubutu	inathubutu	linathubutu	yanathubutu	kinathubutu	vinathubutu	inathubutu	zinathubutu	unathubutu	kunathubutu	panathubutu	munathubutu
Relative	ninaothubutu naothubutu	tunaothubutu	unaothubutu	mnaothubutu	anaothubutu	wanaothubutu	unaothubutu	inaothubutu	linaothubutu	yanaothubutu	kinaothubutu	vinaothubutu	inaothubutu	zinaothubutu	unaothubutu	kunaothubutu	panaothubutu	munaothubutu
Negative	sithubutu	hatuthubutu	huthubutu	hamthubutu	hathubutu	hawathubutu	hauthubutu	haithubutu	halithubutu	hayathubutu	hakithubutu	havithubutu	haithubutu	hazithubutu	hauthubutu	hakuthubutu	hapathubutu	hamuthubutu

Future
Positive	nitathubutu	tutathubutu	utathubutu	mtathubutu	atathubutu	watathubutu	utathubutu	itathubutu	litathubutu	yatathubutu	kitathubutu	vitathubutu	itathubutu	zitathubutu	utathubutu	kutathubutu	patathubutu	mutathubutu
Relative	nitakaothubutu	tutakaothubutu	utakaothubutu	mtakaothubutu	atakaothubutu	watakaothubutu	utakaothubutu	itakaothubutu	litakaothubutu	yatakaothubutu	kitakaothubutu	vitakaothubutu	itakaothubutu	zitakaothubutu	utakaothubutu	kutakaothubutu	patakaothubutu	mutakaothubutu
Negative	sitathubutu	hatutathubutu	hutathubutu	hamtathubutu	hatathubutu	hawatathubutu	hautathubutu	haitathubutu	halitathubutu	hayatathubutu	hakitathubutu	havitathubutu	haitathubutu	hazitathubutu	hautathubutu	hakutathubutu	hapatathubutu	hamutathubutu

Subjunctive
Positive	nithubutu	tuthubutu	uthubutu	mthubutu	athubutu	wathubutu	uthubutu	ithubutu	lithubutu	yathubutu	kithubutu	vithubutu	ithubutu	zithubutu	uthubutu	kuthubutu	pathubutu	muthubutu
Negative	nisithubutu	tusithubutu	usithubutu	msithubutu	asithubutu	wasithubutu	usithubutu	isithubutu	lisithubutu	yasithubutu	kisithubutu	visithubutu	isithubutu	zisithubutu	usithubutu	kusithubutu	pasithubutu	musithubutu

Present Conditional
Positive	ningethubutu	tungethubutu	ungethubutu	mngethubutu	angethubutu	wangethubutu	ungethubutu	ingethubutu	lingethubutu	yangethubutu	kingethubutu	vingethubutu	ingethubutu	zingethubutu	ungethubutu	kungethubutu	pangethubutu	mungethubutu
Negative	nisingethubutu singethubutu	tusingethubutu hatungethubutu	usingethubutu hungethubutu	msingethubutu hamngethubutu	asingethubutu hangethubutu	wasingethubutu hawangethubutu	usingethubutu haungethubutu	isingethubutu haingethubutu	lisingethubutu halingethubutu	yasingethubutu hayangethubutu	kisingethubutu hakingethubutu	visingethubutu havingethubutu	isingethubutu haingethubutu	zisingethubutu hazingethubutu	usingethubutu haungethubutu	kusingethubutu hakungethubutu	pasingethubutu hapangethubutu	musingethubutu hamungethubutu

Past Conditional
Positive	ningalithubutu	tungalithubutu	ungalithubutu	mngalithubutu	angalithubutu	wangalithubutu	ungalithubutu	ingalithubutu	lingalithubutu	yangalithubutu	kingalithubutu	vingalithubutu	ingalithubutu	zingalithubutu	ungalithubutu	kungalithubutu	pangalithubutu	mungalithubutu
Negative	nisingalithubutu singalithubutu	tusingalithubutu hatungalithubutu	usingalithubutu hungalithubutu	msingalithubutu hamngalithubutu	asingalithubutu hangalithubutu	wasingalithubutu hawangalithubutu	usingalithubutu haungalithubutu	isingalithubutu haingalithubutu	lisingalithubutu halingalithubutu	yasingalithubutu hayangalithubutu	kisingalithubutu hakingalithubutu	visingalithubutu havingalithubutu	isingalithubutu haingalithubutu	zisingalithubutu hazingalithubutu	usingalithubutu haungalithubutu	kusingalithubutu hakungalithubutu	pasingalithubutu hapangalithubutu	musingalithubutu hamungalithubutu

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningelithubutu	tungelithubutu	ungelithubutu	mngelithubutu	angelithubutu	wangelithubutu	ungelithubutu	ingelithubutu	lingelithubutu	yangelithubutu	kingelithubutu	vingelithubutu	ingelithubutu	zingelithubutu	ungelithubutu	kungelithubutu	pangelithubutu	mungelithubutu

General Relative
Positive	nithubutu	tuthubutu	uthubutu	mthubutu	athubutu	wathubutu	uthubutu	ithubutu	lithubutu	yathubutu	kithubutu	vithubutu	ithubutu	zithubutu	uthubutu	kuthubutu	pathubutu	muthubutu
Negative	nisiothubutu	tusiothubutu	usiothubutu	msiothubutu	asiothubutu	wasiothubutu	usiothubutu	isiothubutu	lisiothubutu	yasiothubutu	kisiothubutu	visiothubutu	isiothubutu	zisiothubutu	usiothubutu	kusiothubutu	pasiothubutu	musiothubutu

Gnomic
Positive	nathubutu	twathubutu	wathubutu	mwathubutu	athubutu	wathubutu	wathubutu	yathubutu	lathubutu	yathubutu	chathubutu	vyathubutu	yathubutu	zathubutu	wathubutu	kwathubutu	pathubutu	mwathubutu

Perfect
Positive	nimethubutu	tumethubutu	umethubutu	mmethubutu	amethubutu	wamethubutu	umethubutu	imethubutu	limethubutu	yamethubutu	kimethubutu	vimethubutu	imethubutu	zimethubutu	umethubutu	kumethubutu	pamethubutu	mumethubutu

"Already"
Positive	nimeshathubutu	tumeshathubutu	umeshathubutu	mmeshathubutu	ameshathubutu	wameshathubutu	umeshathubutu	imeshathubutu	limeshathubutu	yameshathubutu	kimeshathubutu	vimeshathubutu	imeshathubutu	zimeshathubutu	umeshathubutu	kumeshathubutu	pameshathubutu	mumeshathubutu

"Not yet"
Negative	sijathubutu	hatujathubutu	hujathubutu	hamjathubutu	hajathubutu	hawajathubutu	haujathubutu	haijathubutu	halijathubutu	hayajathubutu	hakijathubutu	havijathubutu	haijathubutu	hazijathubutu	haujathubutu	hakujathubutu	hapajathubutu	hamujathubutu

"If/When"
Positive	nikithubutu	tukithubutu	ukithubutu	mkithubutu	akithubutu	wakithubutu	ukithubutu	ikithubutu	likithubutu	yakithubutu	kikithubutu	vikithubutu	ikithubutu	zikithubutu	ukithubutu	kukithubutu	pakithubutu	mukithubutu

"If not"
Negative	nisipothubutu	tusipothubutu	usipothubutu	msipothubutu	asipothubutu	wasipothubutu	usipothubutu	isipothubutu	lisipothubutu	yasipothubutu	kisipothubutu	visipothubutu	isipothubutu	zisipothubutu	usipothubutu	kusipothubutu	pasipothubutu	musipothubutu

Consecutive
Positive	nikathubutu	tukathubutu	ukathubutu	mkathubutu	akathubutu	wakathubutu	ukathubutu	ikathubutu	likathubutu	yakathubutu	kikathubutu	vikathubutu	ikathubutu	zikathubutu	ukathubutu	kukathubutu	pakathubutu	mukathubutu

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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