sjꜣt

Egyptian
FWOTD – 16 March 2019

Etymology

s- (causative prefix) +‎ jꜣṯ (“to be injured”); despite the derivation from jꜣṯ, it appears the expected form *sjꜣṯ is unattested.

Pronunciation

Verb

 caus. 3-lit.

  1. (transitive, of measures of barley or fields) to cut short, to downsize (deceitfully)
    • c. 1478 BCE – 1397 BCE, Book of the Dead of Nu (pLondon British Museum EA10477) chapter 125, line 13:
      nj sjꜣt.j ꜣḥwt
      I have not downsized the fields.
  2. (transitive, of people) to mutilate

Inflection
Conjugation of sjꜣt (causative triliteral / caus. 3-lit. / caus. 3rad.) — base stem: sjꜣt
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sjꜣt
 sjꜣtw, sjꜣt
 sjꜣtt
 sjꜣt
 sjꜣt
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sjꜣt
 ḥr sjꜣt
 m sjꜣt
 r sjꜣt
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sjꜣt.n
 sjꜣtw, sjꜣt
 consecutive sjꜣt.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sjꜣtt
perfective3 sjꜣt
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative sjꜣt.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sjꜣt
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sjꜣtw, sjꜣt, sjꜣty
 sjꜣtw, sjꜣt, sjꜣty
 potentialis sjꜣt.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sjꜣt
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sjꜣt.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sjꜣt
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sjꜣt
 sjꜣt, sjꜣtw5, sjꜣty5
imperfective sjꜣt, sjꜣty, sjꜣtw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sjꜣt, sjꜣtj6, sjꜣty6
 sjꜣt, sjꜣtw5
prospective sjꜣt, sjꜣttj7
 — sjꜣtwtj1 4, sjꜣttj4, sjꜣtt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sjꜣt  
sjꜣt

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 257.
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 32.1–32.4
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