secundus

See also: Secundus

Latin
Latin numbers (edit)
20[a], [b], [c], [d], [e], [f], [g], [h], [i]
 ←  1 II
2		 3  → 
    Cardinal: duo
    Ordinal: secundus
    Adverbial: bis
    Multiplier: duplex, duplus
    Distributive: bīnī
    Fractional: dīmidius, sēmis

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *sekʷondo- (literally “that follows”); equivalent to sequor (“to follow”) +‎ -undus.[1] The positive meanings "favourable, fair" come from the notion of the wind or current following you from behind.[2][3]

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /seˈkun.dus/, [s̠ɛˈkʊn̪d̪ʊs̠]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /seˈkun.dus/, [seˈkun̪d̪us]
  • Audio (Classical)(file)

Numeral

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum); first/second-declension numeral

  1. second, the ordinal number after prīmus (“first”) and before tertius (“third”)

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative secundus secunda secundum secundī secundae secunda
Genitive secundī secundae secundī secundōrum secundārum secundōrum
Dative secundō secundō secundīs
Accusative secundum secundam secundum secundōs secundās secunda
Ablative secundō secundā secundō secundīs
Vocative secunde secunda secundum secundī secundae secunda

Descendants

Adjective

secundus (feminine secunda, neuter secundum, comparative secundior, superlative secundissimus); first/second-declension adjective

  1. next, following
    Synonym: posterior
  2. according to (with object in accusative case)
  3. second
  4. secondary, subordinate, inferior
    Synonym: posterior
  5. (nautical) favourable, fair (of weather, seas)
  6. (military) fortunate, lucky, victorious, successful (of battle--secundis proeliis)
    • Caesar, de Bello Gallico VII, 29:
      Errare, si qui in bello omnes secundos rerum proventus exspectent
      If whoever expects every events in the war to be favorable, erred
  7. (poetic) propitious, favorable, fortunate

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative secundus secunda secundum secundī secundae secunda
Genitive secundī secundae secundī secundōrum secundārum secundōrum
Dative secundō secundō secundīs
Accusative secundum secundam secundum secundōs secundās secunda
Ablative secundō secundā secundō secundīs
Vocative secunde secunda secundum secundī secundae secunda

Descendants

References
  1. De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “sequor”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
  2. Ernout, Alfred; Meillet, Antoine (1985), “secundus”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots (in French), with additions and corrections of Jacques André, 4th edition, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 608
  3. The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed., Clarendon Press, 1989. Volume XIV, page 825.

Further reading
  • “secundus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “secundus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • secundus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
  • secundus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to have favourable, contrary, winds: ventis secundis, adversis uti
    • to be fortunate, lucky: fortuna secunda uti
    • to be puffed up by success; to be made arrogant by prosperity: rebus secundis efferri
    • the actor who plays the leading part: actor primarum (secundarum, tertiarum) partium
    • the dessert: secunda mensa (Att. 14. 6. 2)
    • to fight successfully: proeliis secundis uti
    • (ambiguous) with the stream; downstream: flumine secundo
  • “secundus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “secundus”, in William Smith, editor (1848) A Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology, London: John Murray
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