sbꜣ

Egyptian

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈsiːbaʀ/ → /ˈsiːbaʀ/ → /ˈsiːbəʔ/ → /ˈsiːβ/

Noun

 m

  1. star
    • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) line 13:





      wrrt.f dm.n.s ḥrt snsn.n.s sbꜣw
      His White Crown, it has pierced the sky, it has fraternized with the stars.
  2. meteor, falling star
    • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 129–130:



      ꜥḥꜥ.n sbꜣ hꜣ.w pr.n nꜣ m ḫt m-ꜥ.f
      Then a star fell. They went up in flames because of it.
Inflection
Declension of sbꜣ (masculine)
singular sbꜣ
dual sbꜣwj
plural sbꜣw
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Demotic: sw
    • Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲩ (siou) (Akhmimic, Bohairic, Fayyumic, Sahidic)
    • Coptic: ⲥⲟⲩ (sou); ⲥⲃⲟ (sbo) (Bohairic, Old Coptic, Sahidic)
    • Coptic: ⲥⲓⲩ (siu); ⲥⲉⲩ (seu) (Fayyumic)
    • Coptic: ⲥⲓⲟⲟⲩ (sioou) (Sahidic)

Etymology 2

Late Egyptian pꜣ-sbꜣ (“the door”) is attested in a cuneiform lexical list as 𒁍𒊻𒁉𒌋 (pu-us-bi-u2, /pusbiu/).[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

 m

  1. gate, doorway
    • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, closing text, line 1:













      wn n.j sbꜣw.ṯn
      snš n.j ꜥrrwyt.ṯn
      Open your doors to me!
      Unstop your gates for me!
Inflection
Declension of sbꜣ (masculine)
singular sbꜣ
dual sbꜣwj
plural sbꜣw
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sbꜣ  


sbꜣ sbꜣ sbꜣ
Descendants
  • Coptic: ⲥⲃⲉ (sbe) (Sahidic, Bohairic, Lycopolitan)
  • Coptic: ⲥⲃⲏ (sbē) (Fayyumic)

Pronunciation
 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /saˈbaʀ/ → /saˈbaʀ/ → /səˈβaʔ/

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (transitive) to teach
Usage notes

This verb can take two direct objects, the person taught and the thing the person is taught.

Inflection
Conjugation of sbꜣ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: sbꜣ, geminated stem: sbꜣꜣ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
sbꜣ
 sbꜣw, sbꜣ
 sbꜣt
 sbꜣ
 sbꜣ
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
sbꜣ
 ḥr sbꜣ
 m sbꜣ
 r sbꜣ
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect sbꜣ.n
 sbꜣw, sbꜣ
 consecutive sbꜣ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative sbꜣt
perfective3 sbꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 sbꜣ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective sbꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 sbꜣ
 sbꜣꜣ
 potentialis1 sbꜣ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive sbꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect sbꜣ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective sbꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sbꜣ
 sbꜣ, sbꜣw5, sbꜣy5
imperfective sbꜣ, sbꜣy, sbꜣw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 sbꜣ, sbꜣj6, sbꜣy6
 sbꜣ, sbꜣw5
prospective sbꜣ, sbꜣtj7
 — sbꜣtj4, sbꜣt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of sbꜣ  

sbꜣ sbꜣ
Descendants

References
  1. “EA 368”, in Cuneiform Digital Library Initiative: CDLI‎, 2021
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