raser
See also: râser
Danish
French
Etymology
From Old French raser, from Vulgar Latin *rāsāre, a frequentative verb formed from Latin rāsus, past participle of rādō, from Proto-Italic *razdō, from Proto-Indo-European *rh₁d-dʰ-, extended from *reh₁d- (“to scrape, scratch, gnaw”). Compare Italian rasare.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁa.ze/, /ʁɑ.ze/
audio (file)
Verb
raser
- (transitive) to shave
- (transitive) to brush, lightly touch
- (transitive) to raze (level to the ground)
- (transitive, informal) to bore someone
- Le digne homme n'imagine pas combien il peut raser les élèves avec des propos de ce genre ; chez lui si sincères qu'ils découragent l'ironie.(Gide, Faux monnayeurs, 1925)
- The dignified man cannot imagine how much he can bore his students with ideas of this kind, which to him are so sincere that they discourage irony.
Conjugation
Conjugation of raser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | raser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | rasant /ʁa.zɑ̃/ or /ʁɑ.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | rasé /ʁa.ze/ or /ʁɑ.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rase /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
rases /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
rase /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
rasons /ʁa.zɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.zɔ̃/ |
rasez /ʁa.ze/ or /ʁɑ.ze/ |
rasent /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
| imperfect | rasais /ʁa.zɛ/ or /ʁɑ.zɛ/ |
rasais /ʁa.zɛ/ or /ʁɑ.zɛ/ |
rasait /ʁa.zɛ/ or /ʁɑ.zɛ/ |
rasions /ʁa.zjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.zjɔ̃/ |
rasiez /ʁa.zje/ or /ʁɑ.zje/ |
rasaient /ʁa.zɛ/ or /ʁɑ.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | rasai /ʁa.ze/ or /ʁɑ.ze/ |
rasas /ʁa.za/ or /ʁɑ.za/ |
rasa /ʁa.za/ or /ʁɑ.za/ |
rasâmes /ʁa.zam/ or /ʁɑ.zam/ |
rasâtes /ʁa.zat/ or /ʁɑ.zat/ |
rasèrent /ʁa.zɛʁ/ or /ʁɑ.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | raserai /ʁaz.ʁe/ or /ʁɑz.ʁe/ |
raseras /ʁaz.ʁa/ or /ʁɑz.ʁa/ |
rasera /ʁaz.ʁa/ or /ʁɑz.ʁa/ |
raserons /ʁaz.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁɑz.ʁɔ̃/ |
raserez /ʁaz.ʁe/ or /ʁɑz.ʁe/ |
raseront /ʁaz.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁɑz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | raserais /ʁaz.ʁɛ/ or /ʁɑz.ʁɛ/ |
raserais /ʁaz.ʁɛ/ or /ʁɑz.ʁɛ/ |
raserait /ʁaz.ʁɛ/ or /ʁɑz.ʁɛ/ |
raserions /ʁa.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
raseriez /ʁa.zə.ʁje/ or /ʁɑ.zə.ʁje/ |
raseraient /ʁaz.ʁɛ/ or /ʁɑz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rase /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
rases /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
rase /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
rasions /ʁa.zjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.zjɔ̃/ |
rasiez /ʁa.zje/ or /ʁɑ.zje/ |
rasent /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
| imperfect2 | rasasse /ʁa.zas/ or /ʁɑ.zas/ |
rasasses /ʁa.zas/ or /ʁɑ.zas/ |
rasât /ʁa.za/ or /ʁɑ.za/ |
rasassions /ʁa.za.sjɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.za.sjɔ̃/ |
rasassiez /ʁa.za.sje/ or /ʁɑ.za.sje/ |
rasassent /ʁa.zas/ or /ʁɑ.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rase /ʁaz/ or /ʁɑz/ |
— | rasons /ʁa.zɔ̃/ or /ʁɑ.zɔ̃/ |
rasez /ʁa.ze/ or /ʁɑ.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Further reading
- “raser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Middle English
Norwegian Bokmål
Norwegian Nynorsk
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *rāsāre, from Latin rāsus, past participle of rādō.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. This verb has a stressed present stem res distinct from the unstressed stem ras. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of raser (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | raser | avoir rasé | |||||
| gerund | en rasant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | rasant | ||||||
| past participle | rasé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | res | reses | rese | rasons | rasez | resent |
| imperfect | rasoie, raseie, rasoe, raseve | rasoies, raseies, rasoes, raseves | rasoit, raseit, rasot, raseve | rasiiens, rasiens | rasiiez, rasiez | rasoient, raseient, rasoent, rasevent | |
| preterite | rasai | rasas | rasa | rasames | rasastes | raserent | |
| future | raserai | raseras | rasera | raserons | raseroiz, rasereiz, raserez | raseront | |
| conditional | raseroie, rasereie | raseroies, rasereies | raseroit, rasereit | raseriiens, raseriens | raseriiez, raseriez | raseroient, rasereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | res | res | rest | rasons | rasez | resent |
| imperfect | rasasse | rasasses | rasast | rasissons, rasissiens | rasissoiz, rasissez, rasissiez | rasassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | rese | — | rasons | rasez | — | ||
Swedish
Welsh
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrasɛr/
References
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “raser”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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