nuire
French
Etymology
From Old French nuire, from Vulgar Latin *nocĕre, from Latin nocēre (whence Old French nuisir), with a change in conjugation.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nɥiʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
nuire
- (intransitive) to harm, to spoil [+ à (object)]
- Fumer nuit à la santé.
- Smoking is harmful to your health.
- La cigarette nuit au bébé.
- Cigarettes are harmful to a baby.
- 2004, David Mitchell, Cloud Atlas, Sceptre, page 76:
- Et si vous nuisez à ma réputation, eh bien, il faudra que je ruine la vôtre.
- And if you ruin my reputation, well, I'll have to ruin yours.
Conjugation
Conjugation of nuire (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | nuire | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | nuisant /nɥi.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | nui /nɥi/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | nuis /nɥi/ |
nuis /nɥi/ |
nuit /nɥi/ |
nuisons /nɥi.zɔ̃/ |
nuisez /nɥi.ze/ |
nuisent /nɥiz/ |
| imperfect | nuisais /nɥi.zɛ/ |
nuisais /nɥi.zɛ/ |
nuisait /nɥi.zɛ/ |
nuisions /nɥi.zjɔ̃/ |
nuisiez /nɥi.zje/ |
nuisaient /nɥi.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | nuisis /nɥi.zi/ |
nuisis /nɥi.zi/ |
nuisit /nɥi.zi/ |
nuisîmes /nɥi.zim/ |
nuisîtes /nɥi.zit/ |
nuisirent /nɥi.ziʁ/ | |
| future | nuirai /nɥi.ʁe/ |
nuiras /nɥi.ʁa/ |
nuira /nɥi.ʁa/ |
nuirons /nɥi.ʁɔ̃/ |
nuirez /nɥi.ʁe/ |
nuiront /nɥi.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | nuirais /nɥi.ʁɛ/ |
nuirais /nɥi.ʁɛ/ |
nuirait /nɥi.ʁɛ/ |
nuirions /nɥi.ʁjɔ̃/ |
nuiriez /nɥi.ʁje/ |
nuiraient /nɥi.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | nuise /nɥiz/ |
nuises /nɥiz/ |
nuise /nɥiz/ |
nuisions /nɥi.zjɔ̃/ |
nuisiez /nɥi.zje/ |
nuisent /nɥiz/ |
| imperfect2 | nuisisse /nɥi.zis/ |
nuisisses /nɥi.zis/ |
nuisît /nɥi.zi/ |
nuisissions /nɥi.zi.sjɔ̃/ |
nuisissiez /nɥi.zi.sje/ |
nuisissent /nɥi.zis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | nuis /nɥi/ |
— | nuisons /nɥi.zɔ̃/ |
nuisez /nɥi.ze/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “nuire”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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