munio

See also: munió

Latin

Etymology

From moenia.

Pronunciation

Verb

mūniō (present infinitive mūnīre, perfect active mūnīvī or mūniī, supine mūnītum); fourth conjugation

  1. I provide with defensive works, fortify
    Synonym: immunīo
    • 27 BCE – 25 BCE, Titus Livius, Ab urbe condita libri 29.4:
      mūnīre urbem, frūmentum convehere, tēla arma parāre
      to strengthen the defences of the city, to accumulate stores of corn, to prepare a supply of weapons and armour
    1. (of natural fortifications)
    2. I build (as) a fortification
  2. (of soldiers or sim.) I guard from attack, defend
  3. I strengthen, secure
    Synonyms: firmō, cōnfirmō, fortificō, cōnsolidō, sistō
    Antonyms: dēterō, atterō, minuō, frangō, tenuō, afficiō
  4. (transferred sense) I protect with a covering
  5. (figuratively) I safeguard, uphold or buttress (of a person, institution, etc.)
  6. (figuratively) I defend, protect, secure
    Synonyms: prōtegō, dēfendō, tegō, cū̆stōdiō, tūtor, teneō, arceō, servō, adsum
    Antonyms: immineō, īnstō, obiectō
  7. I build up so as to give a firm surface to, I construct or repair (of a road, other raised areas)
    • Mūnīta via
      Paved road
    1. I provide with a road, make passable

Conjugation
   Conjugation of mūniō (fourth conjugation)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present mūniō mūnīs mūnit mūnīmus mūnītis mūniunt
imperfect mūniēbam mūniēbās mūniēbat mūniēbāmus mūniēbātis mūniēbant
future mūniam mūniēs mūniet mūniēmus mūniētis mūnient
perfect mūnīvī,
mūniī		 mūnīvistī,
mūniistī		 mūnīvit,
mūniit		 mūnīvimus,
mūniimus		 mūnīvistis,
mūniistis		 mūnīvērunt,
mūnīvēre,
mūniērunt,
mūniēre
pluperfect mūnīveram,
mūnieram		 mūnīverās,
mūnierās		 mūnīverat,
mūnierat		 mūnīverāmus,
mūnierāmus		 mūnīverātis,
mūnierātis		 mūnīverant,
mūnierant
future perfect mūnīverō,
mūnierō		 mūnīveris,
mūnieris		 mūnīverit,
mūnierit		 mūnīverimus,
mūnierimus		 mūnīveritis,
mūnieritis		 mūnīverint,
mūnierint
passive present mūnior mūnīris,
mūnīre		 mūnītur mūnīmur mūnīminī mūniuntur
imperfect mūniēbar mūniēbāris,
mūniēbāre		 mūniēbātur mūniēbāmur mūniēbāminī mūniēbantur
future mūniar mūniēris,
mūniēre		 mūniētur mūniēmur mūniēminī mūnientur
perfect mūnītus + present active indicative of sum
pluperfect mūnītus + imperfect active indicative of sum
future perfect mūnītus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present mūniam mūniās mūniat mūniāmus mūniātis mūniant
imperfect mūnīrem mūnīrēs mūnīret mūnīrēmus mūnīrētis mūnīrent
perfect mūnīverim,
mūnierim		 mūnīverīs,
mūnierīs		 mūnīverit,
mūnierit		 mūnīverīmus,
mūnierīmus		 mūnīverītis,
mūnierītis		 mūnīverint,
mūnierint
pluperfect mūnīvissem,
mūniissem		 mūnīvissēs,
mūniissēs		 mūnīvisset,
mūniisset		 mūnīvissēmus,
mūniissēmus		 mūnīvissētis,
mūniissētis		 mūnīvissent,
mūniissent
passive present mūniar mūniāris,
mūniāre		 mūniātur mūniāmur mūniāminī mūniantur
imperfect mūnīrer mūnīrēris,
mūnīrēre		 mūnīrētur mūnīrēmur mūnīrēminī mūnīrentur
perfect mūnītus + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect mūnītus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — mūnī — — mūnīte —
future — mūnītō mūnītō — mūnītōte mūniuntō
passive present — mūnīre — — mūnīminī —
future — mūnītor mūnītor — — mūniuntor
non-finite forms active passive
present perfect future present perfect future
infinitives mūnīre mūnīvisse,
mūniisse		 mūnītūrum esse mūnīrī mūnītum esse mūnītum īrī
participles mūniēns — mūnītūrus — mūnītus mūniendus,
mūniundus
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
mūniendī mūniendō mūniendum mūniendō mūnītum mūnītū

Derived terms

Descendants
  • → English: munite
  • French: munir
  • → Portuguese: munir
  • Spanish: munir

References

“mūniō” on page 1260 of the Oxford Latin Dictionary (2nd ed., 2012)

Further reading
  • “munio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “munio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • munio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
  • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to make a road: viam munire
    • to make a fortified, entrenched camp: castra munire
    • to fortify the camp with a rampart: castra munire vallo (aggere)
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