kuli
Aiwoo
Etymology
Probably a Polynesian borrowing.
References
- Ross, M. & Næss, Å. (2007), “An Oceanic origin for Äiwoo, the language of the Reef Islands?”, in Oceanic Linguistics, volume 46, issue 2. Cited in: "Äiwoo" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Atong (India)
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuli/
References
- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Czech
Drehu
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuli/
References
- Tyron, D.T., Hackman, B. (1983) Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification. Cited in: "Dehu" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
- Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDe’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Fijian
Etymology
From Proto-Central-Pacific *kuli, from Proto-Oceanic *kulit, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *qaNiC.
Finnish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkuli/, [ˈkuli]
- Rhymes: -uli
- Syllabification(key): ku‧li
Noun
kuli
Declension
Inflection of kuli (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kuli | kulit | |
genitive | kulin | kulien | |
partitive | kulia | kuleja | |
illative | kuliin | kuleihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kuli | kulit | |
accusative | nom. | kuli | kulit |
gen. | kulin | ||
genitive | kulin | kulien | |
partitive | kulia | kuleja | |
inessive | kulissa | kuleissa | |
elative | kulista | kuleista | |
illative | kuliin | kuleihin | |
adessive | kulilla | kuleilla | |
ablative | kulilta | kuleilta | |
allative | kulille | kuleille | |
essive | kulina | kuleina | |
translative | kuliksi | kuleiksi | |
instructive | — | kulein | |
abessive | kulitta | kuleitta | |
comitative | — | kuleineen |
Possessive forms of kuli (type risti) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | kulini | kulimme |
2nd person | kulisi | kulinne |
3rd person | kulinsa |
Declension
Inflection of kuli (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | kuli | kulit | |
genitive | kulin | kulien | |
partitive | kulia | kuleja | |
illative | kuliin | kuleihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | kuli | kulit | |
accusative | nom. | kuli | kulit |
gen. | kulin | ||
genitive | kulin | kulien | |
partitive | kulia | kuleja | |
inessive | kulissa | kuleissa | |
elative | kulista | kuleista | |
illative | kuliin | kuleihin | |
adessive | kulilla | kuleilla | |
ablative | kulilta | kuleilta | |
allative | kulille | kuleille | |
essive | kulina | kuleina | |
translative | kuliksi | kuleiksi | |
instructive | — | kulein | |
abessive | kulitta | kuleitta | |
comitative | — | kuleineen |
Possessive forms of kuli (type risti) | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | singular | plural |
1st person | kulini | kulimme |
2nd person | kulisi | kulinne |
3rd person | kulinsa |
Hawaiian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Oceanic *tuli, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuli, from Proto-Austronesian *Culi.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Polynesian *turi, from Proto-Central Pacific *tur-i, from Proto-Oceanic *tur, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *tuhud, from Proto-Austronesian *tuduS.
References
- “kuli” in the Hawaiian Dictionary, Revised and Enlarged Edition, University of Hawaii Press, 1986
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈkuli]
- Hyphenation: ku‧li
- Rhymes: -li
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | kuli | kulik |
accusative | kulit | kulikat |
dative | kulinak | kuliknak |
instrumental | kulival | kulikkal |
causal-final | kuliért | kulikért |
translative | kulivá | kulikká |
terminative | kuliig | kulikig |
essive-formal | kuliként | kulikként |
essive-modal | — | — |
inessive | kuliban | kulikban |
superessive | kulin | kulikon |
adessive | kulinál | kuliknál |
illative | kuliba | kulikba |
sublative | kulira | kulikra |
allative | kulihoz | kulikhoz |
elative | kuliból | kulikból |
delative | kuliról | kulikról |
ablative | kulitól | kuliktól |
non-attributive possessive - singular |
kulié | kuliké |
non-attributive possessive - plural |
kuliéi | kulikéi |
Possessive forms of kuli | ||
---|---|---|
possessor | single possession | multiple possessions |
1st person sing. | kulim | kulijaim |
2nd person sing. | kulid | kulijaid |
3rd person sing. | kulija | kulijai |
1st person plural | kulink | kulijaink |
2nd person plural | kulitok | kulijaitok |
3rd person plural | kulijuk | kulijaik |
Derived terms
Further reading
- (coolie): kuli in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
- ([regional] inward-turning [horn or cattle with such horn]): kuli in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Indonesian
Etymology
From Malay kuli, from Hindi क़ुली (qulī), from Chagatai [Term?], ultimately from Proto-Turkic *kul (“slave, servant”).
Other forms occur in Bengali কুলি (kuli) and Tamil கூலி (kūli, “daily hire”), which are possibly also influenced by Hindi कोली (kolī, “weaver; low-class”). The Chinese word 苦力 (kǔlì), meaning "to exert one's abilities; heavy labour work" in Classical Chinese, may have been influenced by cognates of the above Hindi word in other languages and may have further influenced English.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈku.li]
- Hyphenation: ku‧li
Noun
kuli (first-person possessive kuliku, second-person possessive kulimu, third-person possessive kulinya)
- laborer; coolie
- 2019 February 20, “Pernah Jadi Kuli Bangunan, Wisanggeni Kini Tekuni Melukis [Once a Construction Laborer, Wisangenni Now Draws Diligently]”, in Suara Merdeka, archived from the original on 6 Sept 2019:
- Ia menambahkan pernah juga bekerja sebagai kuli bangunan, buruh pabrik di Solo, pernah juga bekerja di warung makan.
- He adds that he had once worked as a construction laborer, a factory worker at Solo, and had also worked at a food stall.
- Synonyms: pekerja kasar, buruh kasar
-
Derived terms
Further reading
- “kuli” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Language Development and Fostering Agency — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Lindu
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.
Ngarrindjeri
Polish
Alternative forms
- (genitive plural of kula) kul
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈku.li/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -uli
- Syllabification: ku‧li
Slovak
Etymology
From Hindi क़ुली (qulī) / Urdu قلی (qulī, “hired laborer, slave”), from Turkish köle. Other forms occur in Bengali kuli and Tamil kuli, "daily hire." The Mandarin word 苦力 (kǔlì), was originally a transcription of the Hindi, and literally means "bitterly hard (use of) strength".
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈkuli/
- Hyphenation: ku‧li
Noun
kuli m (genitive singular kuliho, nominative plural kuliovia, genitive plural kuliov, declension pattern of kuli)
Declension
Swahili
Wolio
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kulit, from Proto-Austronesian *kuliC.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kuli/
References
- Anceaux, Johannes C. 1987. Wolio Dictionary (Wolio-English-Indonesian) / Kamus Bahasa Wolio (Wolio-Inggeris-Indonesia). Dordrecht: Foris.