koolma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kooldak, from Proto-Uralic *kale-. Cognates with Finnish kuolla, Hungarian hal. Replaced with surema in the standard language.
Conjugation
Inflection of koolma (ÕS type 33/naerma, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | koolen | ei koole | 1st sing. | olen koolnud | ei ole koolnud pole koolnud |
| 2nd sing. | kooled | 2nd sing. | oled koolnud | ||
| 3rd sing. | kooleb | 3rd sing. | on koolnud | ||
| 1st plur. | kooleme | 1st plur. | oleme koolnud | ||
| 2nd plur. | koolete | 2nd plur. | olete koolnud | ||
| 3rd plur. | koolevad | 3rd plur. | on koolnud | ||
| passive | kooldakse | ei koolda | passive | on kooldud | ei ole kooldud pole kooldud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | koolsin | ei koolnud | 1st sing. | olin koolnud | ei olnud koolnud polnud koolnud |
| 2nd sing. | koolsid | 2nd sing. | olid koolnud | ||
| 3rd sing. | koolis | 3rd sing. | oli koolnud | ||
| 1st plur. | koolsime | 1st plur. | olime koolnud | ||
| 2nd plur. | koolsite | 2nd plur. | olite koolnud | ||
| 3rd plur. | koolsid | 3rd plur. | oli koolnud | ||
| passive | kooldi | ei kooldud | passive | oli kooldud | ei olnud kooldud polnud kooldud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | kooleksin | ei kooleks | 1st sing. | oleksin koolnud | ei oleks koolnud poleks koolnud |
| 2nd sing. | kooleksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid koolnud | ||
| 3rd sing. | kooleks | 3rd sing. | oleks koolnud | ||
| 1st plur. | kooleksime | 1st plur. | oleksime koolnud | ||
| 2nd plur. | kooleksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite koolnud | ||
| 3rd plur. | kooleksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid koolnud | ||
| passive | kooldaks | ei kooldaks | passive | oleks kooldud | ei oleks kooldud poleks kooldud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | koole | ära koole | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | koolgu | ärgu koolgu | 3rd sing. | olgu koolnud | ärgu olgu koolnud |
| 1st plur. | koolgem | ärgem koolgem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | koolge | ärge koolge | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | koolgu | ärgu koolgu | 3rd plur. | olgu koolnud | ärgu olgu koolnud |
| passive | kooldagu | ärgu kooldagu | passive | olgu kooldud | ärgu olgu kooldud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | koolvat | ei koolvat | active | olevat koolnud | ei olevat koolnud polevat koolnud |
| passive | kooldavat | ei kooldavat | passive | olevat kooldud | ei olevat kooldud polevat kooldud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | koolda | ||||||
| nominative | koolma | kooldama | des-form | kooldes | |||||
| inessive | koolmas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | koolmast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | koolmaks | — | present | koolev | kooldav | ||||
| abessive | koolmata | — | past | koolnud | kooldud | ||||
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