kell

• IPA^(key): /kɛl/
• Rhymes: -ɛl

• Audio (RP)

  (file)

Compare caul.

kell (plural kells)

1. (obsolete) The caul.
2. (obsolete, figurative) That which covers or envelops, like a caul; a net; a fold; a film.
   • c. 1608–1610, Francis Beaumont; John Fletcher, “Philaster: Or, Love Lies a Bleeding”, in Comedies and Tragedies […], London: […] Humphrey Robinson, […], and for Humphrey Moseley […], published 1679, OCLC 3083972, Act V, scene iv:

     I'll have him cut to the kell.

3. (obsolete) The cocoon or chrysalis of an insect.
   • 1616, Ben Jonson, The Devil Is an Ass

     Bury himself in every silkworm's kell

kell (plural kells)

1. A kiln.

kell (uncountable)

1. Alternative spelling of kale (broth)

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɛlː/

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin cōleus (“testicle”) (compare Cornish kell, Welsh caill), ultimately from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).

kell f (plural kelloù, dual divgell)

1. testicle

From Latin cella (compare Old Irish cell).

kell f (plural kelloù or killi)

1. cell (of prisoner, monk):

• (Revived Middle Cornish) IPA^(key): [kɛlː]
• (Revived Late Cornish) IPA^(key): [kɛlʰ]

From Proto-Brythonic [Term?], borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latin cōleus (“testicle”) (compare Breton kell, Welsh caill), ultimately from Ancient Greek κολεός (koleós).

kell f (dual diwgell, plural kellow or kellyow)

1. testicle

From Latin cella (compare Old Irish cell).

kell f (plural kellow or kellyow)

1. cell

From Proto-Finnic *kellä, borrowed from Proto-Germanic *skellǭ (“bell”).

kell (genitive kella, partitive kella)

1. clock
2. bell
3. (in the plural, colloquial) balls, testicles

• käekell

• kék, köll (both: dialectal)

From Proto-Finno-Ugric *kelke- (“to be necessary, need to, must, be obligatory”). [1][2]

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɛlː]

• Audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛlː

kell

1. (auxiliary with a verb in the infinitive) must, need to, have to

   Synonyms: muszáj, kénytelen

   Ezt látnod kell. ― You have to / need to / must see it.

2. to be needed

   Synonym: szüksége van

   Kell nekem az a ház. ― I need that house.

Sometimes the subject of the verb is not one that does any action but the stimulus prompting sensory or emotional feeling (not deliberately), as in the case of people or things that interest someone, matter to someone, please someone or appeal to someone (or another entity), sometimes differently from the perspective in English. In these cases, the experiencer (the entity that receives sensory or emotional input) can take the accusative (e.g. interest) or the dative (e.g. appeal). The experiencer is expressed with the dative in the case of hiányzik (“to be missing or missed by someone”), ízlik (“to taste good, to be pleasing [as of food]”), kell (“to be needed, necessary, or required”), tetszik (“to be appealing”), and van/megvan (“to be had, to be owned by someone”).

If the experiencer is expressed with the accusative, the object may be the third person (him, her, it, or them), which is considered definite in Hungarian, or it may be a first- or second-person object (me, us, and you), considered as indefinite. For example, with the verb érdekel, it takes the definite form érdekli őt “he/she is interested” (literally, “it interests him/her”), and the indefinite form érdekel engem/téged/minket for “I am, you are, we are interested” (literally, “it interests me, you, us”) in present-tense singular. The form érdekellek means “you are interested in me” (literally, “I interest you”). – Verbs with a similar syntactic behavior include zavar (“to be bothered by”) and izgat (“to be upset or intrigued by”).[3]

• Category:Hungarian auxiliary verbs

• kell in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Univerbation of kien (“was”) +‎ l- (“to”).

• IPA^(key): /kɛll/
• Rhymes: -ɛll

kell- (imperfect ikoll)

1. to belong to; expresses English have

   Kelli ktieb.

   I had a book.

   (literally, “It was to me a book.”)

   Ir-raġel kellu ktieb.

   The man had a book.

   (literally, “The man it was to him a book.”)

2. (with following verb) to be obligatory for; to be necessary for; expresses English have to, must

   Kelli nikteb ktieb.

   I had to write a book.

   (literally, “It was to me (that) I write a book.”)

• The perfect of this verb expresses the past, while the imperfect expresses future and subjunctive senses. The present is expressed by forms of għand. This is equivalent to the situation in the underlying kien (“to be”), where the present is expressed (if expressed at all) by the personal pronouns.
• The verbal inflection is that of a defective verb that inflects only for tense (imperfect ikoll), but not for person or number. They who “have” something, or “have to do” something, are given with the appropriate personal suffixes (as above: kelli = it was to me = I had; kellu = it was to him = he had; etc.).
• Syntactically, it is not sound to define either of the two elements (possessor or thing possessed) as the object of the phrase. Rather the construction is that which in Arabic and Greek grammar is called a nominativus pendens: The possessor is prepositioned and referred back to with a personal suffix, while the thing possessed is the grammatical subject. This construction is generally popular in Maltese; for example: Ir-raġel qatluh. (“They killed the man.”, literally “The man, they killed him.”).

• għand (possessive)

kell

1. third-person singular present indicative of kala