jtn

Egyptian

m

the Aten; the disc of the sun
- c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 19–20:
  
  šnwt n(j) jṯn ẖr sḫrw.f mḥ(y)t jtr(w) nwy ḫt n(j) ꜥnḫ rnp(w)t nbt
  What the sun disk encircles is under his directions, the north wind, the river, and water, grain and all fresh plants.

3-lit.

Conjugation of jtn (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: jtn, geminated stem: jtnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive¹	singular	plural
jtn	jtnw, jtn	jtnt	jtn	jtn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective²		periphrastic prospective²
jtn	ḥr jtn	m jtn	r jtn

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
aspect / mood	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	jtn.n	active + .tj¹, .tw²	—	—
perfective	jtn	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jtn	jtn, jtnw⁵, jtny⁵
imperfective	jtn, jtny, jtnw⁵	active + .tj¹, .tw²	jtn, jtnj⁶, jtny⁶	jtn, jtnw⁵
prospective	jtn, jtntj⁷	—	jtntj⁴, jtnt⁴
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 457.

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