jꜥj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to wash
    • c. 2000–1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115), lines 13–15:




      jꜥ tw jmj mw ḥr ḏbꜥw.k
      Wash yourself, put water on your fingers.

Inflection
Conjugation of jꜥj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: jꜥ, geminated stem: jꜥꜥ
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
jꜥt, jꜥj
 jꜥw, jꜥ
 jꜥt, jꜥwt, jꜥyt
 jꜥ
 jꜥ, jꜥy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
jꜥ8, jꜥꜥ8
 ḥr jꜥt, ḥr jꜥj
 m jꜥt, m jꜥj
 r jꜥt, r jꜥj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect jꜥ.n
 jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy
 consecutive jꜥ.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative jꜥt, jꜥyt
perfective3 jꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative jꜥ.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective jꜥ, jꜥy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy
 jꜥw, jꜥ, jꜥy
 potentialis jꜥ.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive jꜥ, jꜥy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect jꜥ.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective jꜥw1, jꜥy, jꜥ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜥ
 jꜥy, jꜥ
imperfective jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥy, jꜥꜥw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥj6, jꜥꜥy6
 jꜥꜥ, jꜥꜥw5
prospective jꜥw1, jꜥy, jꜥ, jꜥtj7
 — jꜥwtj1 4, jꜥtj4, jꜥt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Derived terms

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 190.
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