gladius

From Latin gladius (“Roman short sword, gladius”). Doublet of glaive.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡlæd.i.əs/

gladius (plural gladiuses or gladii)

1. (historical) A Roman sword roughly two feet long.
   • 1882, "The Genesis of the Sword", Popular Science Monthly, Volume 21, page 81:

     Finally, the Romans made the gladius—sharp, of highly-tempered steel, and strongly piercing—the first real sword (Figs. 17, 18, 19), of which only five specimens are now known to exist.

   • 2007, Pat Southern, The Roman Army: A Social and Institutional History, page 212:

     The gladius was effective either for cutting or for thrusting and was used by legionaries and auxiliaries.

2. (zoology) A pen, a hard internal bodypart of certain cephalopods, made of chitin-like material.
   • 2017, Mark Carnall, The Guardian, 31 October:

     From the Cretaceous of North America fossilised gladii in the enigmatic genus Tusoteuthis have been estimated to give a mantle length (body size) of 1.8m, just less than that of the giant squid’s.

Gladius.

From Latin gladius (“Roman short sword, gladius”).

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gladius m (plural gladii, diminutive gladiusje n)

1. Roman short sword; gladius

   Hypernym: kortzwaard

Like many Dutch words borrowed from Latin, the plural takes the form of the Latin nominative plural.

• spatha

< Latin

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡlɑdius/, [ˈɡlɑdius̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑdius
• Syllabification^(key): gla‧di‧us

gladius

1. gladius (Roman sword)

   Hypernym: miekka

• gladiaattori

Possibly from Gaulish *kladyos (“sword”), from Proto-Celtic *kladiwos (“sword”) (compare Old Irish claideb (“sword”), from Proto-Indo-European *kelh₂- (“to beat, break”). Cognate with Latin clādes, clāva, percellō.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡla.di.us/, [ˈɡɫ̪äd̪iʊs̠]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈɡla.di.us/, [ˈɡläːd̪ius]

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gladius m (genitive gladiī or gladī); second declension

1. sword

   Synonyms: ēnsis, mūcrō, spatha

   Mitte gladium in vaginam. ― Put the sword into its sheath.

   in gladium incumbere ― to fall on one's sword

   • 8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 2.101:

     quid tibi cum gladiō?

     What are you doing with a sword?

2. (figuratively) murder, death

   Synonym: mors

3. a gladiatorial contest
4. swordfish

   Synonym: xiphiās

5. (slang) penis

Second-declension noun.

¹Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

• “gladius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gladius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• gladius in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• gladius in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a sword hangs over his neck: gladius cervicibus impendet
    
  • to use javelins at a distance, swords at close quarters: eminus hastis, comminus gladiis uti
    
  • to draw one's sword (from the scabbard): gladium educere (e vagīna)
    
  • to sheath one's sword: gladium in vaginam recondere
    
  • to draw one's sword: gladium stringere, destringere
    
  • to plunge one's sword in some one's breast: gladium alicui in pectus infigere
    
  • to transfix, pierce a man's breast with one's sword: gladio aliquem per pectus transfigere (Liv. 2. 46)
    
  • to fight with swords at close quarters: gladio comminus (opp. eminus) rem gerere
    
  • to throw down the javelins (pila) and fight with the sword: omissis pilis gladiis rem gerere
    
  • swords must now decide the day: res ad gladios vēnit
    
  • swords must now decide the day: res gladiis geri coepta est
    
  • to throw oneself on the enemy with drawn sword: strictis gladiis in hostem ferri
    
• “gladius”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “gladius”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002), “gladius”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 4: G H I, page 144