foreith
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic *uɸoreteti (“to help”) (compare Welsh gwared), a calque of Latin succurrō; synchronically analyzable as fo- + reithid.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /foˈr͈ʲeθʲ/
Verb
fo·reith
- to help, to aid, to succour
- c. 700–800, Táin Bó Cúailnge, published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly, TBC-I 223
- Luid Fergus didiu fordul mór fadess co fórsed do Ultaib terchomrac slóig.
- Fergus went out of his way to the south in order to aid [by buying time] the Ulstermen gathering their army.
- c. 808, Félire Oengusso, published in Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee (1905, Harrison & Sons), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes, Ep. 405
- Ar écnairc ind ríg-sa fris·n-agar a nnúall-sa, fa·rith asint sním-sa, in pauperán trúag-sa!
- For the sake of the king to whom this cry was made, help him out of this sadness, this wretched pauper!
- Synonyms: for·tét, con·gní, cobraithir
- c. 700–800, Táin Bó Cúailnge, published in Táin Bó Cúailnge. Recension I (1976, Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Cecile O'Rahilly, TBC-I 223
Inflection
Complex, class B I present, á preterite, s future, s subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | fo·riuth | fo·reith | fo·rethat | |||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | fu·rráith | |||||||
| Prot. | ·faráith | ||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | fo·roraid, fu·rroraith | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | fum·ré (with infixed pronoun m-) | |||||||
| Prot. | ·farrésat | ||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·foír | ||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·fórsed | ||||||||
| Imperative | fa·rith (with infixed pronoun a-) | ||||||||
| Verbal noun | |||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| fo·reith also fo·rreith |
fo·reith pronounced with /-r(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “foreith”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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