endeshana

Swahili

Verb

-endeshana (infinitive kuendeshana)

Reciprocal form of -endesha

Conjugation

Conjugation of -endeshana

Non-finite forms

Form

Positive

Negative

Infinitive

kuendeshana

kutoendeshana

Simple finite forms

Positive form

Singular

Plural

Imperative

endeshana

endeshaneni

Habitual

huendeshana

Complex finite forms

Polarity

Persons

Persons / Classes

Classes

1st

2nd

3rd / M-wa

M-mi

Ma

Ki-vi

N

U

Ku

Pa

Mu

Sg.

Pl.

Sg.

Pl.

Sg. / 1

Pl. / 2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11 / 14

15 / 17

16

18

Past
Positive	niliendeshana naliendeshana	tuliendeshana twaliendeshana	uliendeshana waliendeshana	mliendeshana mwaliendeshana	aliendeshana	waliendeshana	uliendeshana	iliendeshana	liliendeshana	yaliendeshana	kiliendeshana	viliendeshana	iliendeshana	ziliendeshana	uliendeshana	kuliendeshana	paliendeshana	muliendeshana
Relative	nilioendeshana nalioendeshana	tulioendeshana twalioendeshana	ulioendeshana walioendeshana	mlioendeshana mwalioendeshana	alioendeshana	walioendeshana	ulioendeshana	ilioendeshana	lilioendeshana	yalioendeshana	kilioendeshana	vilioendeshana	ilioendeshana	zilioendeshana	ulioendeshana	kulioendeshana	palioendeshana	mulioendeshana
Negative	sikuendeshana	hatukuendeshana	hukuendeshana	hamkuendeshana	hakuendeshana	hawakuendeshana	haukuendeshana	haikuendeshana	halikuendeshana	hayakuendeshana	hakikuendeshana	havikuendeshana	haikuendeshana	hazikuendeshana	haukuendeshana	hakukuendeshana	hapakuendeshana	hamukuendeshana

Present
Positive	ninaendeshana naendeshana	tunaendeshana	unaendeshana	mnaendeshana	anaendeshana	wanaendeshana	unaendeshana	inaendeshana	linaendeshana	yanaendeshana	kinaendeshana	vinaendeshana	inaendeshana	zinaendeshana	unaendeshana	kunaendeshana	panaendeshana	munaendeshana
Relative	ninaoendeshana naoendeshana	tunaoendeshana	unaoendeshana	mnaoendeshana	anaoendeshana	wanaoendeshana	unaoendeshana	inaoendeshana	linaoendeshana	yanaoendeshana	kinaoendeshana	vinaoendeshana	inaoendeshana	zinaoendeshana	unaoendeshana	kunaoendeshana	panaoendeshana	munaoendeshana
Negative	siendeshani	hatuendeshani	huendeshani	hamendeshani	haendeshani	hawaendeshani	hauendeshani	haiendeshani	haliendeshani	hayaendeshani	hakiendeshani	haviendeshani	haiendeshani	haziendeshani	hauendeshani	hakuendeshani	hapaendeshani	hamuendeshani

Future
Positive	nitaendeshana	tutaendeshana	utaendeshana	mtaendeshana	ataendeshana	wataendeshana	utaendeshana	itaendeshana	litaendeshana	yataendeshana	kitaendeshana	vitaendeshana	itaendeshana	zitaendeshana	utaendeshana	kutaendeshana	pataendeshana	mutaendeshana
Relative	nitakaoendeshana	tutakaoendeshana	utakaoendeshana	mtakaoendeshana	atakaoendeshana	watakaoendeshana	utakaoendeshana	itakaoendeshana	litakaoendeshana	yatakaoendeshana	kitakaoendeshana	vitakaoendeshana	itakaoendeshana	zitakaoendeshana	utakaoendeshana	kutakaoendeshana	patakaoendeshana	mutakaoendeshana
Negative	sitaendeshana	hatutaendeshana	hutaendeshana	hamtaendeshana	hataendeshana	hawataendeshana	hautaendeshana	haitaendeshana	halitaendeshana	hayataendeshana	hakitaendeshana	havitaendeshana	haitaendeshana	hazitaendeshana	hautaendeshana	hakutaendeshana	hapataendeshana	hamutaendeshana

Subjunctive
Positive	niendeshane	tuendeshane	uendeshane	mendeshane	aendeshane	waendeshane	uendeshane	iendeshane	liendeshane	yaendeshane	kiendeshane	viendeshane	iendeshane	ziendeshane	uendeshane	kuendeshane	paendeshane	muendeshane
Negative	nisiendeshane	tusiendeshane	usiendeshane	msiendeshane	asiendeshane	wasiendeshane	usiendeshane	isiendeshane	lisiendeshane	yasiendeshane	kisiendeshane	visiendeshane	isiendeshane	zisiendeshane	usiendeshane	kusiendeshane	pasiendeshane	musiendeshane

Present Conditional
Positive	ningeendeshana	tungeendeshana	ungeendeshana	mngeendeshana	angeendeshana	wangeendeshana	ungeendeshana	ingeendeshana	lingeendeshana	yangeendeshana	kingeendeshana	vingeendeshana	ingeendeshana	zingeendeshana	ungeendeshana	kungeendeshana	pangeendeshana	mungeendeshana
Negative	nisingeendeshana singeendeshana	tusingeendeshana hatungeendeshana	usingeendeshana hungeendeshana	msingeendeshana hamngeendeshana	asingeendeshana hangeendeshana	wasingeendeshana hawangeendeshana	usingeendeshana haungeendeshana	isingeendeshana haingeendeshana	lisingeendeshana halingeendeshana	yasingeendeshana hayangeendeshana	kisingeendeshana hakingeendeshana	visingeendeshana havingeendeshana	isingeendeshana haingeendeshana	zisingeendeshana hazingeendeshana	usingeendeshana haungeendeshana	kusingeendeshana hakungeendeshana	pasingeendeshana hapangeendeshana	musingeendeshana hamungeendeshana

Past Conditional
Positive	ningaliendeshana	tungaliendeshana	ungaliendeshana	mngaliendeshana	angaliendeshana	wangaliendeshana	ungaliendeshana	ingaliendeshana	lingaliendeshana	yangaliendeshana	kingaliendeshana	vingaliendeshana	ingaliendeshana	zingaliendeshana	ungaliendeshana	kungaliendeshana	pangaliendeshana	mungaliendeshana
Negative	nisingaliendeshana singaliendeshana	tusingaliendeshana hatungaliendeshana	usingaliendeshana hungaliendeshana	msingaliendeshana hamngaliendeshana	asingaliendeshana hangaliendeshana	wasingaliendeshana hawangaliendeshana	usingaliendeshana haungaliendeshana	isingaliendeshana haingaliendeshana	lisingaliendeshana halingaliendeshana	yasingaliendeshana hayangaliendeshana	kisingaliendeshana hakingaliendeshana	visingaliendeshana havingaliendeshana	isingaliendeshana haingaliendeshana	zisingaliendeshana hazingaliendeshana	usingaliendeshana haungaliendeshana	kusingaliendeshana hakungaliendeshana	pasingaliendeshana hapangaliendeshana	musingaliendeshana hamungaliendeshana

Conditional Contrary to Fact
Positive	ningeliendeshana	tungeliendeshana	ungeliendeshana	mngeliendeshana	angeliendeshana	wangeliendeshana	ungeliendeshana	ingeliendeshana	lingeliendeshana	yangeliendeshana	kingeliendeshana	vingeliendeshana	ingeliendeshana	zingeliendeshana	ungeliendeshana	kungeliendeshana	pangeliendeshana	mungeliendeshana

General Relative
Positive	niendeshanao	tuendeshanao	uendeshanao	mendeshanao	aendeshanao	waendeshanao	uendeshanao	iendeshanao	liendeshanao	yaendeshanao	kiendeshanao	viendeshanao	iendeshanao	ziendeshanao	uendeshanao	kuendeshanao	paendeshanao	muendeshanao
Negative	nisioendeshana	tusioendeshana	usioendeshana	msioendeshana	asioendeshana	wasioendeshana	usioendeshana	isioendeshana	lisioendeshana	yasioendeshana	kisioendeshana	visioendeshana	isioendeshana	zisioendeshana	usioendeshana	kusioendeshana	pasioendeshana	musioendeshana

Gnomic
Positive	naendeshana	twaendeshana	waendeshana	mwaendeshana	aendeshana	waendeshana	waendeshana	yaendeshana	laendeshana	yaendeshana	chaendeshana	vyaendeshana	yaendeshana	zaendeshana	waendeshana	kwaendeshana	paendeshana	mwaendeshana

Perfect
Positive	nimeendeshana	tumeendeshana	umeendeshana	mmeendeshana	ameendeshana	wameendeshana	umeendeshana	imeendeshana	limeendeshana	yameendeshana	kimeendeshana	vimeendeshana	imeendeshana	zimeendeshana	umeendeshana	kumeendeshana	pameendeshana	mumeendeshana

"Already"
Positive	nimeshaendeshana	tumeshaendeshana	umeshaendeshana	mmeshaendeshana	ameshaendeshana	wameshaendeshana	umeshaendeshana	imeshaendeshana	limeshaendeshana	yameshaendeshana	kimeshaendeshana	vimeshaendeshana	imeshaendeshana	zimeshaendeshana	umeshaendeshana	kumeshaendeshana	pameshaendeshana	mumeshaendeshana

"Not yet"
Negative	sijaendeshana	hatujaendeshana	hujaendeshana	hamjaendeshana	hajaendeshana	hawajaendeshana	haujaendeshana	haijaendeshana	halijaendeshana	hayajaendeshana	hakijaendeshana	havijaendeshana	haijaendeshana	hazijaendeshana	haujaendeshana	hakujaendeshana	hapajaendeshana	hamujaendeshana

"If/When"
Positive	nikiendeshana	tukiendeshana	ukiendeshana	mkiendeshana	akiendeshana	wakiendeshana	ukiendeshana	ikiendeshana	likiendeshana	yakiendeshana	kikiendeshana	vikiendeshana	ikiendeshana	zikiendeshana	ukiendeshana	kukiendeshana	pakiendeshana	mukiendeshana

"If not"
Negative	nisipoendeshana	tusipoendeshana	usipoendeshana	msipoendeshana	asipoendeshana	wasipoendeshana	usipoendeshana	isipoendeshana	lisipoendeshana	yasipoendeshana	kisipoendeshana	visipoendeshana	isipoendeshana	zisipoendeshana	usipoendeshana	kusipoendeshana	pasipoendeshana	musipoendeshana

Consecutive
Positive	nikaendeshana	tukaendeshana	ukaendeshana	mkaendeshana	akaendeshana	wakaendeshana	ukaendeshana	ikaendeshana	likaendeshana	yakaendeshana	kikaendeshana	vikaendeshana	ikaendeshana	zikaendeshana	ukaendeshana	kukaendeshana	pakaendeshana	mukaendeshana

Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

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