caldarium

English

Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from Latin caldārium (“room containing warm water for bathing”), substantive of caldārius (“of, pertaining to or suitable for bathing”), from caldus (“warm, hot”) + -ārius, alternative form of calidus, from caleō (“I am warm or hot; glow”).

Noun

caldarium (plural caldaria)

  1. In Roman baths, the hottest room, with a plunge-pool. It preceded the tepidarium and frigidarium.
  2. In modern spas, a room with a hot floor.

French

Noun

caldarium m (plural caldariums)

  1. caldarium

Further reading

Latin

Alternative forms
  • calidārium

Etymology

From caldus (“warm in temperature”, alternative form of calidus) +‎ -ārium (improperly for an adjective), via *caldārius.

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /kalˈdaː.ri.um/, [käɫ̪ˈd̪äːriʊ̃ˑ]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /kalˈda.ri.um/, [käl̪ˈd̪äːrium]

Noun

caldārium n (genitive caldāriī or caldārī); second declension

  1. A warm bath.
    Synonym: caldāria
  2. A room containing warm water for bathing, caldarium.
  3. (Late Latin, Vulgar Latin) cooking pot
  4. (Vulgar Latin, Medieval Latin) skeel, a broad and shallow vessel to contain hot water

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

Case Singular Plural
Nominative caldārium caldāria
Genitive caldāriī
caldārī1		 caldāriōrum
Dative caldāriō caldāriīs
Accusative caldārium caldāria
Ablative caldāriō caldāriīs
Vocative caldārium caldāria

1Found in older Latin (until the Augustan Age).

Descendants
  • Asturian: calderu
  • Catalan: calder
  • → English: caldarium
  • → French: caldarium
  • Galician: caldeiro
  • Italian: caldaio
  • → Italian: calidario
  • Occitan: caudièr
  • Portuguese: caldeiro
  • Romanian: căldare
  • Sardinian: cadhàrgiu, caddàrgiu, cadharzu, cadraxu, cadràgiu, cradhaxu
  • Spanish: caldero
  • → Albanian: kaldar
  • → Byzantine Greek: καλδάριον (kaldárion), καρδάριν (kardárin)
    • Greek: καρδάρι (kardári)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: كردل‎ (gerdel), كردر‎ (gerder), كرد‌ه‌ل‎ (gerdel)
      • Turkish: gerdel
      • → Arabic: جَرْدَل‎ (jardal)
      • → Armenian: կէռտէլ (kēṙtēl)
      • → Greek: γκερδέλι (gkerdéli), γερδέλι (gerdéli)

References
  • “caldarium”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “caldarium”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
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