breac

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted; trout”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos. Cognate with Breton breac’h and Welsh brych.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /bʲɾʲak/

Adjective

breac (genitive singular masculine bric, genitive singular feminine brice, plural breaca, comparative brice)

  1. speckled, spotted

Declension
Declension of breac
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative breac bhreac breaca;
bhreaca²
Vocative bhric breaca
Genitive brice breaca breac
Dative breac;
bhreac¹		 bhreac;
bhric (archaic)		 breaca;
bhreaca²
Comparative níos brice
Superlative is brice

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

Verb

breac (present analytic breacann, future analytic breacfaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breactha)

  1. to speckle

Conjugation
First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present breacaim breacann tú;
breacair†		 breacann sé, sí breacaimid breacann sibh breacann siad;
breacaid†		 a bhreacann; a bhreacas /
a mbreacann*; a mbreacas*		 breactar
past bhreac mé; bhreacas bhreac tú; bhreacais bhreac sé, sí bhreacamar; bhreac muid bhreac sibh; bhreacabhair bhreac siad; bhreacadar a bhreac /
ar bhreac*		 breacadh
past habitual bhreacainn / mbreacainn‡‡ bhreactá / mbreactᇇ bhreacadh sé, sí / mbreacadh sé, s퇇 bhreacaimis; bhreacadh muid / mbreacaimis‡‡; mbreacadh muid‡‡ bhreacadh sibh / mbreacadh sibh‡‡ bhreacaidís; bhreacadh siad / mbreacaidís‡‡; mbreacadh siad‡‡ a bhreacadh /
a mbreacadh*		 bhreactaí / mbreacta퇇
future breacfaidh mé;
breacfad		 breacfaidh tú;
breacfair†		 breacfaidh sé, sí breacfaimid;
breacfaidh muid		 breacfaidh sibh breacfaidh siad;
breacfaid†		 a bhreacfaidh; a bhreacfas /
a mbreacfaidh*; a mbreacfas*		 breacfar
conditional bhreacfainn / mbreacfainn‡‡ bhreacfá / mbreacfᇇ bhreacfadh sé, sí / mbreacfadh sé, s퇇 bhreacfaimis; bhreacfadh muid / mbreacfaimis‡‡; mbreacfadh muid‡‡ bhreacfadh sibh / mbreacfadh sibh‡‡ bhreacfaidís; bhreacfadh siad / mbreacfaidís‡‡; mbreacfadh siad‡‡ a bhreacfadh /
a mbreacfadh*		 bhreacfaí / mbreacfa퇇
subjunctive present go mbreaca mé;
go mbreacad†		 go mbreaca tú;
go mbreacair†		 go mbreaca sé, sí go mbreacaimid;
go mbreaca muid		 go mbreaca sibh go mbreaca siad;
go mbreacaid†		 — go mbreactar
past dá mbreacainn dá mbreactá dá mbreacadh sé, sí dá mbreacaimis;
dá mbreacadh muid		 dá mbreacadh sibh dá mbreacaidís;
dá mbreacadh siad		 — dá mbreactaí
imperative breacaim breac breacadh sé, sí breacaimis breacaigí;
breacaidh†		 breacaidís — breactar
verbal noun breacadh
past participle breactha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Noun

breac m (genitive singular bric, nominative plural bric)

  1. trout

Declension
Declension of breac

First declension

Bare forms:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative breac bric
Vocative a bhric a bhreaca
Genitive bric breac
Dative breac bric

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular Plural
Nominative an breac na bric
Genitive an bhric na mbreac
Dative leis an mbreac

don bhreac

 leis na bric

Derived terms
  • breac donn m (“brown trout”)

Mutation
Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
breac bhreac mbreac
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pɾʲɛxk/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish brecc (“speckled, spotted, variegated”), from Proto-Celtic *brikkos.

Adjective

breac (comparative brice)

  1. speckled, spotted, piebald
  2. embossed
  3. chequered
Declension
Declension of breac (type I adjective)
Masculine Feminine Plural
Nominative breac bhreac breaca
Genitive bhric brice breaca
Dative breac bhric breaca
Vocative bhric bhreac breaca
Derived terms

Verb

breac (past bhreac, future breacaidh, verbal noun breacadh, past participle breacte)

  1. speckle
  2. sprinkle, scatter
Conjugation
Active conjugation of breac (regular)
First sg Second sg Third sg m Third sg f First pl Second pl Third pl
Root breac
Verbal noun breacadh
Independent Past bhreac mi bhreac thu bhreac e bhreac i bhreac sinn bhreac sibh bhreac iad
Future breacaidh mi breacaidh tu breacaidh e breacaidh i breacaidh sinn breacaidh sibh breacaidh iad
Conditional bhreacainn mi bhreacadh tu bhreacadh e bhreacadh i bhreacamaid sinn bhreacadh sibh bhreacadh iad
Imperative breacam breac breacadh e breacadh i breacamaid breacaibh breacadh iad
Negative Past cha do bhreac mi cha do bhreac thu cha do bhreac e cha do bhreac i cha do bhreac sinn cha do bhreac sibh cha do bhreac iad
Future cha bhreac mi cha bhreac thu cha bhreac e cha bhreac i cha bhreac sinn cha bhreac sibh cha bhreac iad
Conditional cha bhreacainn mi cha bhreacadh tu cha bhreacadh e cha bhreacadh i cha bhreacamaid sinn cha bhreacadh sibh cha bhreacadh iad
Affirmative
Interrogative		 Past an do bhreac mi? an do bhreac thu? an do bhreac e? an do bhreac i? an do bhreac sinn? an do bhreac sibh? an do bhreac iad?
Future am breac mi? am breac thu? am breac e? am breac i? am breac sinn? am breac sibh? am breac iad?
Conditional am bhreacainn? am bhreacadh thu? am bhreacadh e? am bhreacadh i? am bhreacamaid? am bhreacadh sibh? am bhreacadh iad?
Negative
Interrogative		 Past nach do bhreac mi? nach do bhreac thu? nach do bhreac e? nach do bhreac i? nach do bhreac sinn? nach do bhreac sibh? nach do bhreac iad?
Future nach bhreac mi? nach bhreac thu? nach bhreac e? nach bhreac i? nach bhreac sinn? nach bhreac sibh? nach bhreac iad?
Conditional nach bhreacainn? nach bhreacadh tu? nach bhreacadh e? nach bhreacadh i? nach bhreacamaid? nach bhreacadh sibh? nach bhreacadh iad?
Relative
future		 Affirmative (ma) bhreacas mi (ma) bhreacas thu (ma) bhreacas e (ma) bhreacas i (ma) bhreacas sinn (ma) bhreacas sibh (ma) bhreacas iad
Negative (mur) breac mi (mur) breac thu (mur) breac e (mur) breac i (mur) breac sinn (mur) breac sibh (mur) breac iad
Passive conjugation of breac (regular)
First sg Second sg Third sg m Third sg f First pl Second pl Third pl
Independent Past bhreacadh mi bhreacadh tu bhreacadh e bhreacadh i bhreacadh sinn bhreacadh sibh bhreacadh iad
Future breacadh mi breacadh tu breacadh e breacadh i breacadh sinn breacadh sibh breacadh iad
Conditional bhreactadh mi bhreactadh tu bhreactadh e bhreactadh i bhreactadh sinn bhreactadh sibh bhreactadh iad
Imperative breactar mi breactar thu breactar e breactar i breactar sinn breactar sibh breactar iad
Negative Past cha do bhreacadh mi cha do bhreacadh tu cha do bhreacadh e cha do bhreacadh i cha do bhreacadh sinn cha do bhreacadh sibh cha do bhreacadh iad
Future cha bhreacadh mi cha bhreacadh tu cha bhreacadh e cha bhreacadh i cha bhreacadh sinn cha bhreacadh sibh cha bhreacadh iad
Conditional cha bhhreactadh mi cha bhhreactadh tu cha bhhreactadh e cha bhhreactadh i cha bhhreactadh sinn cha bhhreactadh sibh cha bhhreactadh iad
Affirmative
Interrogative		 Past an do bhreacas mi? an do bhreacas tu? an do bhreacas e? an do bhreacas i? an do bhreacas sinn? an do bhreacas sibh? an do bhreacas iad?
Future am bhreacadh mi? am bhreacadh thu? am bhreacadh e? am bhreacadh i? am bhreacadh sinn? am bhreacadh sibh? am bhreacadh iad?
Conditional am breactadh? am breactadh tu? am breactadh e? am breactadh i? am breactadh? am breactadh sibh? am breactadh iad?
Negative
Interrogative		 Past nach do bhreacadh mi? nach do bhreacadh tu? nach do bhreacadh e? nach do bhreacadh i? nach do bhreacadh sinn? nach do bhreacadh sibh? nach do bhreacadh iad?
Future nach breacadh mi? nach breacadh tu? nach breacadh e? nach breacadh i? nach breacadh sinn? nach breacadh sibh? nach breacadh iad?
Conditional nach breactadh? nach breactadh tu? nach breactadh e? nach breactadh i? nach breactadh? nach breactadh sibh? nach breactadh iad?
Past Participle breacte

Etymology 2

From Old Irish brecc (“trout”).

Noun

breac m (genitive singular bric, plural bric)

  1. trout, brown trout
  2. (dialect) salmon

Mutation
Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
breacbhreac
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading
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