bouter
French
Etymology
From Middle French bouter, from Old French bouter (“to strike, push”), of Germanic origin, from Frankish *bōtan (“to push, strike, beat”), from Proto-Germanic *bautaną (“to beat”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewd- (“to beat, strike, hew”).
Cognate with Old High German bōzzan (“to beat”), Old English bēatan (“to thrash, beat”), Old Norse bauta (“to beat”). Compare also Spanish botar (“to bounce”), Italian buttare. More at beat.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bu.te/
Audio (file)
Verb
bouter
Conjugation
Conjugation of bouter (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | bouter | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | boutant /bu.tɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | bouté /bu.te/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | boute /but/ |
boutes /but/ |
boute /but/ |
boutons /bu.tɔ̃/ |
boutez /bu.te/ |
boutent /but/ |
| imperfect | boutais /bu.tɛ/ |
boutais /bu.tɛ/ |
boutait /bu.tɛ/ |
boutions /bu.tjɔ̃/ |
boutiez /bu.tje/ |
boutaient /bu.tɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | boutai /bu.te/ |
boutas /bu.ta/ |
bouta /bu.ta/ |
boutâmes /bu.tam/ |
boutâtes /bu.tat/ |
boutèrent /bu.tɛʁ/ | |
| future | bouterai /bu.tʁe/ |
bouteras /bu.tʁa/ |
boutera /bu.tʁa/ |
bouterons /bu.tʁɔ̃/ |
bouterez /bu.tʁe/ |
bouteront /bu.tʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | bouterais /bu.tʁɛ/ |
bouterais /bu.tʁɛ/ |
bouterait /bu.tʁɛ/ |
bouterions /bu.tə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
bouteriez /bu.tə.ʁje/ |
bouteraient /bu.tʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | boute /but/ |
boutes /but/ |
boute /but/ |
boutions /bu.tjɔ̃/ |
boutiez /bu.tje/ |
boutent /but/ |
| imperfect2 | boutasse /bu.tas/ |
boutasses /bu.tas/ |
boutât /bu.ta/ |
boutassions /bu.ta.sjɔ̃/ |
boutassiez /bu.ta.sje/ |
boutassent /bu.tas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | boute /but/ |
— | boutons /bu.tɔ̃/ |
boutez /bu.te/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- boute-hors m (“boom, out-rigger of a smack”)
Further reading
- “bouter”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Etymology
From Frankish *bōtan (“to beat”), from Proto-West Germanic *bautan.
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ts, *-tt are modified to z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of bouter (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | bouter | avoir bouté | |||||
| gerund | en boutant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | boutant | ||||||
| past participle | bouté | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | bout | boutes | boute | boutons | boutez | boutent |
| imperfect | boutoie, bouteie, boutoe, bouteve | boutoies, bouteies, boutoes, bouteves | boutoit, bouteit, boutot, bouteve | boutiiens, boutiens | boutiiez, boutiez | boutoient, bouteient, boutoent, boutevent | |
| preterite | boutai | boutas | bouta | boutames | boutastes | bouterent | |
| future | bouterai | bouteras | boutera | bouterons | bouteroiz, boutereiz, bouterez | bouteront | |
| conditional | bouteroie, boutereie | bouteroies, boutereies | bouteroit, boutereit | bouteriiens, bouteriens | bouteriiez, bouteriez | bouteroient, boutereient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | bout | bouz | bout | boutons | boutez | boutent |
| imperfect | boutasse | boutasses | boutast | boutissons, boutissiens | boutissoiz, boutissez, boutissiez | boutassent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | boute | — | boutons | boutez | — | ||
Descendants
References
- Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle (1881) (bouter)
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