adcumaing
Old Irish
Verb
ad·cumaing (prototonic ·ecmaing)
- to strike
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 44d13
- Ad·comcisset ilbéim friss.
- They struck many blows against it.
- c. 808, Félire Oengusso, published in Félire Óengusso Céli Dé: The Martyrology of Oengus the Culdee (1905, Harrison & Sons), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes, Epilogue, line 5
- Buiden cechóin laithi dos·ruimdemar remain
co n-ecmaingsem aurain, ar cenn fri cenn Enair.- The troop of every single day, we have heretofore measured it out.
We cut off [the excess, Stokes; ahead, DIL] our end against the head of January.
- The troop of every single day, we have heretofore measured it out.
- c. 700-800, Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-I 2825
- Ad·comaing cach fer díb biur n-indamsa, ad·comchus-[s]a a mbiur-sa tria cechtar de-seom didiu.
- Each of those men struck me with a spear, so I struck this spear through each of them.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 44d13
- to happen
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b35
- .i. cani doich ɫ. coní·ecmi nád n-airchissa, ac[h]t iscoarcessea
- i.e. is it not likely? or that it may not happen that He spare not, but it is that He may spare?
- c. 760, Blathmac mac Con Brettan, published in "A study of the lexicon of the poems of Blathmac Son of Cú Brettan" (2017; PhD thesis, National University of Ireland Maynooth), edited and with translations by Siobhán Barrett, stanza 72
- Ecmaing [Eacmhaincc, MS] ba bibdu cech cruth ar buith oca dílsiuguth.
- It happened [that] he was guilty in every way for surrendering him.
- c. 775, Táin Bó Fraích from the Book of Leinster, published in Táin bó Fraích (1974, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited by Wolfgang Meid, line 301
- Ecmaing nís·ragbusa immum.
- It happened that I did not have it on me.
- c. 700-800, Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Yellow Book of Lecan, published in The Táin Bó Cúailnge from the Yellow Book of Lecan, with variant readings from the Lebor na hUidre (1912, Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, and Co.), edited by John Strachan and James George O'Keeffe, TBC-I 2246
- Cid córo dosom sochur Ulad do dénam arapa a máthar díb, indás daitsiu sochar chóicid Connacht dáig at mac ríg Connacht ad·cáemnacair?
- So, is it any more fitting for him to work for the good of Ulster since his mother came from there, than for you to work for the good of Connacht, since it happened that you are the son of a king from Connacht?
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b35
- to happen to be
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 6b13
- Cindas persine attot·chomnicc?
- What sort of person are you?
- c. 700-1200, Táin Bó Cúailnge, from the Lebor na hUídre, LU 4891
- "Cia th'ainm-seo?" ol Conchobar. "Sétanta mac Súaltaim atom·chomnaic-se ⁊ mac Dechtere, do phethar-su."
- "What is your name?" said Conchobar. "I happen to be Sétanta, son of Súaltaim and son of Deichtine, your sister.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 6b13
Usage notes
- The prototonic third-person singular present is commonly used in absolute position to introduce an event that happened, regardless of whether the event happened in the present or past, even when normally the deuterotonic would be used there.
- In the sense "happen to be", the subject is encoded as an infixed object pronoun.
Derived terms
- do·ecmaing
Inflection
For the preterite, an s-preterite is used in the sense “to strike”, while in the sense “to happen”, reduplicated preterites tend to be used.
Complex, class B I present, reduplicated and s preterite, s subjunctive
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ad·cumaing | |||||||
| Prot. | ·ecmaing | ||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ad·coimged | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ad·comchus | ad·cáemnacair, atom·chomnaic (with infixed pronoun tom-) | ad·comcisset | |||||
| Prot. | ·ecmaingsem | ||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | ·ecmai | ||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | |||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ad·cumaing | ad·chumaing | ad·cumaing pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 ad-cumaing”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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