Viking
English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Norse víkingr (“Viking”). Already in Old English as wīċing and Old Frisian wītsing, but assumed extinct in Middle English and borrowed anew in the 19th century; any survivals in dialect through the Middle Ages are unknown.
Old Norse víkingr itself is from Old Norse vík (“inlet, cove, fjord”) + -ingr (“one belonging to, one who frequents”) (the -r is the nominative desinence). Thus, “one from or who frequents the sea’s inlets”.
The Old English and Anglo-Frisian form, existing since at least the eighth century, could also have been derived from or influenced by Old English wīc (“camp”), on account of the temporary encampments which were often a prominent feature of the Vikings’ raids.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/[1]
Audio (Berkshire, UK) (file) - Rhymes: -aɪkɪŋ
Noun
Viking (plural Vikings)
- (historical) One of the Scandinavian or other Northern European seafaring warriors that raided (and then settled) the British Isles and other parts of Europe in the 8th to the 11th centuries and, according to many historians, were the first Europeans to reach North America.
- (by extension, fantasy) A stock character common in the fantasy genre, namely a barbarian, generally equipped with an axe or sword and a helmet adorned with horns.
- (colloquial) A Norseman (medieval Scandinavian).
- (colloquial, humorous, mildly offensive) An ethnic Swede, Norwegian, Dane, Icelander or Faroe Islander.
- (American football) A player on the Minnesota Vikings NFL team.
Derived terms
- vike (jocular verb)
- Viking Age
- viking (in attributive use)
- Vikingism
- Viking ship
Translations
Proper noun
Viking
References
- “Viking” listed in the Oxford English Dictionary [2nd Ed.; 1989]
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvɪkɪŋk]
Audio (file)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | Viking | Vikingové |
genitive | Vikinga | Vikingů |
dative | Vikingovi | Vikingům |
accusative | Vikinga | Vikingy |
vocative | Vikingu | Vikingové |
locative | Vikingovi | Vikinzích |
instrumental | Vikingem | Vikingy |
Dutch
Alternative forms
- Wiking (dated, superseded)
Etymology
From Old Norse víkingr. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvi.kɪŋ/
Audio (file) - Hyphenation: Vi‧king
French
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Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vi.kiŋ/
Audio (Belgium) (file)
Further reading
- “Viking”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Slovak
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈvikiŋɡ/
Noun
Viking m (genitive singular Vikinga, nominative plural Vikingovia, genitive plural Vikingov, declension pattern of chlap)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | Viking | Vikingovia |
genitive | Vikinga | Vikingov |
dative | Vikingovi | Vikingom |
accusative | Vikinga | Vikingov |
locative | Vikingovi | Vikingoch |
instrumental | Vikingom | Vikingmi |
Swedish
Etymology
Originally a nickname, appearing in runestones, from Old Norse víkingr (“a Viking”). Revived as a given name since 1829.