Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kafl

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *kaflaz.

Noun

*kafl m [1]

(North Sea Germanic) jaw

Inflection

Masculine a-stem
	Singular
Nominative	*kafl
Genitive	*kaflas
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*kafl	kaflō, kaflōs
Accusative	*kafl	*kaflā
Genitive	*kaflas	*kaflō
Dative	*kaflē	*kaflum
Instrumental	*kaflu	*kaflum

Descendants

Old English: ċeafl
- Middle English: chavel, chawl, chaul, cholle, chol
  - Scots: choll; chowl, choul
  - English: jowl, chavel
Old Saxon: kafl
- Middle Low German: kavel
Old Dutch: *caval
- Middle Dutch: *cāvel
  - Dutch: kavel (Flemish)

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126: “northern WGmc *kafl ‘jaw’”

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[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 126: “northern WGmc *kafl ‘jaw’”