< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tu-

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Verb

*tu-

  1. (Common Turkic) to close, occlude

Conjugation
Conjugation of *tu- (Common Turkic)
Positive
verbal noun (infinitive) *tuma(k)
verbal adjective *tugan (or tuduk)
way of doing *tuyuš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative present *turban (or turman) *tursaŋ *tur *turuk (turbuz or turmuz) *tursuŋuz *turlar
past seen or clear *tudum *tuduŋ *tudu *tuduk (or tudumuz) *tuduŋuz *tudular
heard or unclear *tumušban (or tumušman) *tumušsaŋ *tumuš *tumušuk (tumušbuz or tumušmuz) *tumušsuŋuz *tumušlar
future *tuyačakban (or tuyačakman) *tuyačaksaŋ *tuyačak *tuyačakïk (tuyačakbïz or tuyačakmïz) *tuyačaksïŋïz *tuyačaklar
conditional *tusam *tusaŋ *tusa *tusak (or tusamïz) *tusaŋïz *tusalar
optative *tuyayïŋ *tugasaŋ *tuga *tuyalïm *tugasïŋïz *tugalar
progressive *tumaktaban (or tumaktaman) *tumaktasaŋ *tumakta *tumaktayïk (tumaktabïz or tumaktamïz) *tumaktasïŋïz *tumaktalar
necessitative *tumalïgban (or tumalïgman) *tumalïgsaŋ *tumalïg *tumalïgïk (tumalïgbïz or tumalïgmïz) *tumalïgsïŋïz *tumalïglar
imperative *tuyayïŋ *tu *tusun *tuyalïm *tuyuŋ *tusunlar
Negative
verbal noun (infinitive) *tumama(k)
verbal adjective *tumagan (or tumaduk)
way of doing *tumayïš
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
*ben *sen *ol *biz *siz *olar
indicative present *tumarban (or tumarman) *tumarsaŋ *tumaz *tumarïk (tumarbïz or tumarmïz) *tumarsïŋïz *tumazlar
past seen or clear *tumadïm *tumadïŋ *tumadï *tumadïk (or tumadïmïz) *tumadïŋïz *tumadïlar
heard or unclear *tumamïšban (or tumamïšman) *tumamïšsaŋ *tumamïš *tumamïšïk (tumamïšbïz or tumamïšmïz) *tumamïšsïŋïz *tumamïšlar
future *tumayačakban (or tumayačakman) *tumayačaksaŋ *tumayačak *tumayačakïk (tumayačakbïz or tumayačakmïz) *tumayačakïŋïz *tumayačaklar
conditional *tumasam *tumasaŋ *tumasa *tumasak (or tumasamïz) *tumasaŋïz *tumasalar
optative *tumayayïŋ *tumagasaŋ *tumaga *tumayalïm *tumagasïŋïz *tumagalar
progressive *tumamaktaban (or tumamaktagman) *tumamaktasaŋ *tumamakta *tumamaktayïk (tumamaktabïz or tumamaktamïk) *tumamaktasïŋïz *tumamaktalar
necessitative *tumamalïgban (or tumamalïgman) *tumamalïgsaŋ *tumamalïg *tumamalïgïk (tumamalïgbïz or tumamalïgmïz) *tumamalïgsïŋïz *tumamalïglar
imperative *tumayayïŋ *tuma *tumasun *tumayalïm *tumayïŋ *tumasunlar

Derived terms
  • *tu-n-
    • *tun-tur-
    • *tun-čuk-
    • *tun-gu (“deaf”)
    • *tun-uk (“deaf”)
    • *tun-čuk
  • *tu-man (“fog”)[1]
  • *tu-g
  • *tu-gan (“embankment”)
  • *tu-ma (“weir, barrage”)

Descendants
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: [script needed] (tuncukmak), [script needed] (dunukmak)
      • Ottoman Turkish: [script needed] (duncukmak), [script needed] (tuncukmak), [script needed] (tunukmak)
        • Turkish: duncukmak, tuncumak, tuncukmak, tuncukdurmak (all are dialectal)
    • Salar: dum
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tumaq), [script needed] (tunmaq), [script needed] (tunturmaq)
      • Uyghur: [script needed] (tunçuk-)
  • Kipchak:
    • Kipchak: [script needed] (tu-)
    • North Kipchak:
      • Tatar: [script needed] (ton-)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Karaim: [script needed] (tudjur-)
      • Kumyk: [script needed] (tunçuk-)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: тұну (tūnu), тұнжырау (tūnjyrau), тұнық (tūnyq)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: тунуу (tunuu), тунаруу (tunaruu), тундуруу (tunduruu)
        • Southern Altai: тунар (tunar, “to put”), тундырар (tundïrar)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰆‎ (t¹u)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (tu-)
    • South Siberian:
      • Sayan:
        • Tuvan: [script needed] (dun-)
      • Yenisei:
        • Khakas: [script needed] (tun-)
  • ⇒? Common Turkic: *tu-mak (“hat, cap”)[2]

References
  1. Tekin, Talât. (2000). Orhon Türkçesi Grameri, page: 92
  2. Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*tum-”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Özertural, Z. (2002). Eski Türkçe tu- "kapamak" Eylemi Üzerine . Türkoloji Dergisi , 15 (1) , 0-0 . DOI: 10.1501/Trkol_0000000050
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.