< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tepü

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstructions
  • *töpü

Noun

*tepü

  1. hill, top
  2. top of head

Declension
Declension of *tepü
Singular 3)
Nominative *tepü
Accusative *tepünü, *tepünüg 1)
Genitive *tepünüŋ
Dative *tepüke
Locative *tepüde
Ablative *tepüden
Instrumental 2) *tepün
Equative 2) *tepüče
1) Found in early Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental and equative cases have fallen into disuse in many Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants
  • Oghur:
    • Chuvash: тӳпе (tüp̬e, “sky; head”)
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish:
      • Azerbaijani: təpə
      • Ottoman Turkish: تپه‎ (tepe)
        • Turkish: tepe
        • → Armenian: թեփե (tʿepʿe), թափա (tʿapʿa)
        • → Bulgarian: тепе n (tepe)
        • → Greek: τεπέ n (tepé)
        • → Persian: تپه‎ (tappe)
    • Turkmen: depe
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Bashkir: түбә (tübä)
      • Tatar: түбә (tübä)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: töpe, töbe
      • Karachay-Balkar: тёбе (töbe)
      • Kumyk: тёбе (töbe)
    • South Kipchak:
    • East Kipchak:
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (töpü)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐱅𐰇𐰯𐰇‎‎ (t²üpü‎, “height”)
      • Old Uyghur: [script needed] (töpü)
    • North Siberian:
    • South Siberian:

References
  • Clauson, Gerard (1972) An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 436
  • Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎ (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 450-452
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 494, 505
  • Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*tepö/ *tepü”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
  • Sevortjan, E. V. (1980) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages]‎ (in Russian), volume 3, Moscow: Nauka, page 197-199
  • Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006) Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, page 201
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